Civil War Blog

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on January 1, 2011

On New Year’s Day 1861, there was some anxiety about the secession of South Carolina which took place on 20 December 1860 in response to Abraham Lincoln’s election.  Plans were being made to hold a day of fasting and prayer as called for by President James Buchanan.

We learn that the pastors of the M.E. Church in this city [Philadelphia] recommend to all their churches and people to observe Friday, 4^th of January, as a day of fasting and prayer, in accordance with the recommendation of the President of the United States.

The New School Presbyterians will hold three Union Prayer Meetings in the course of the day.  The Presbyterians of the Old School will observe the day in accordance with the recommendation of the Moderator of the last General Assembly.

Lincoln’s inauguration would not take place for more than two months hence, and there was much speculation about the defense of the federal property in Charleston Harbor.  Several front page articles in the Philadelphia Inquirer presented information on the harbor forts, including Fort Sumter, and the leaders of the U.S. military stationed there, including Maj. Robert Anderson.  One piece seemed to indicate that it wouldn’t matter in whose hands the forts would be, and that the harbor could be blockaded without them.

The Fortifications – It is apparent, that if these forts were actually in the hands of the citizens of South Carolina, their only value would be to them to protect the shipping in their own harbor.  Four United States ships could completely blockade the approaches without aid from the forts; and Fort Moultrie, at the entrance, could not relieve that condition, no matter whether in the hands of South Carolina or the United States, and no ship could enter or depart without seizure.

Picture drawings of the forts were featured on the front page as well as a “schematic” of Fort Sumter

Meanwhile, there was interest in soldier and sailors recruiting efforts for a possible war.

The United States recruiting Service – In these days of war’s rumors things-military have unusual interest.  Some of our military organizations smell the battle afar off, like the war-horse described by Job, and notes of preparation sound to the charge.  At the same time, there appears to be great activity at Uncle Sam’s recruiting stations, and enlistments proceed with vigor.  We yesterday went to the recruiting office at No. 311 S. Front Street.  It was a dingy room, up stairs, and was a poor index to the “pride, pomp and circumstance of glorious war.”  The furniture consisted entirely of an old desk, three chairs, and the star spangled banner.  The office is in charge of one Lieutenant and one Sergeant of marines.  During the last month about one hundred men were enlisted, and eight fresh recruits were added to the roll yesterday.  All physically capable of entering the military service are received.  Men are wanted.  The office is open every day from 8 ½ A.M. to 2 P.M.  Among the applicants every day are one or two who have not the corporeal requisites for duty, who are of course rejected, much to their disappointment.

It was an indication of how war was thought about – the “pride, [and] pomp… of glorious war.”  And so it was said from this newspaper from New Year’s Day of 1861.  But the nation was soon to be shocked into the realities of a modern warfare that no one at the time ever dreamed could be.

Articles were taken from page one of the Philadelphia Inquirer available through the on-line resources of the Free Library of Philadelphia.

Category: Reflections, Resources, Stories | Comments Off on New Year’s Day 1861
Tags: Abraham Lincoln, James Buchanan

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on December 31, 2010

In 1825, the first ferry was “poled” across the Susquehanna River at Millersburg.  At the time of the Civil War barges were in operation, mainly to transport goods.  The one mile journey across the Susquehanna River was not easy as the river provided a formidable barrier between Dauphin and Perry Counties, and other than the transportation of goods across the river, there wasn’t reason for too many crossings of people.

Commerce on the river bank generally flowed north and south – north to Sunbury and south to Harrisburg.  There was a canal that ran down the river which was used for the movement of coal barges, but the main transportation route was via the Northern Central Railroad, which by 1858 had a continuous line from Sunbury, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, to Baltimore, Maryland.

It was not until after the Civil War, in 1873, that powered, paddle-wheel boats were introduced.

The men who operated the boats can be found in the 19^th century censuses for Millersburg and Upper Paxton Township as “Boatmen.”  Many of these men were Civil War veterans.

The ferry boats in operation today do not look much like the boats used during the Civil War period – but the crossing is at about the same point and taking the “tourist” ride approximates the look and feel of what the crossing may have been like in the 1860s.  According the sign at the site, these are the only remaining wooden stern paddle wheel ferries operating in the country!

For information on operations and further details about the history of the Millersburg Ferry .

Category: Resources, Stories | 1 Comment »
Tags: Railroad

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on December 30, 2010

The Tower City Borough, Porter Township and Rush Township Veterans Memorial is located at St. Paul’s Lutheran Church Cemetery which is located along Route 209 in Tower City, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.

The memorial consists of a wall of names of those who served in all of America’s wars, a patio of commemorative bricks provided by family and friends, and flag-holder markers, including one for Civil War with the G.A.R. designation.  In this post, the individual bricks or name plates will not be shown.  Hopefully, at some point in the future, it will be possible to do so for those who served in the Civil War.

G.A.R. Marker & Flag

St. Paul’s Lutheran Church Cemetery, Tower City, Schuylkill County

St. Paul’s Lutheran Church Cemetery lies behind the memorial.  About two dozen graves have Civil War – G.A.R. flag markers.  Some of the Civil War veteran’s graves are pictured below:

Charles Maurer (1837-1907)

Charles Maurer was born 16 Nov 1837 in Pennsylvania and died 5 Jan 1907.  He married Hannah and had at least one child, Aquilla, who was born about 1860, and living at home in Pine Grove Township. Schuylkill County, at the time of the 1880 Census.  In 1880, Charles was working as a laborer.  In 1890, he was living in Tower City.  In 1900, he was a widower, living in Tower City and working as a coal miner.  During the Civil War, he served in the 6th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company G, as a Private, entering the service on 22 April 1861.  He was mustered out on 26 Jul 1861 at Harrisburg.  After 1896, Charles applied for and received an invalid pension for his Civil War service.  Not much else is known about him and his family.

Isaac Frantz (1843-1885)

Isaac Frantz was born in Feb 1843 in Pennsylvania and died in 1885 in Pennsylvania.  He was the son of Daniel and Salama Frantz of Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania.  He married Catherine (“Kate”) and had at least three children:  Charles, who was born about 1865; Lucy, who was born about 1867; and Christiana, who was born about 1873.  At the time of the 1880 Census, Charles was working as a coal miner and living in Porter Township.  His 15 year old son Charles was living at home and working at the mines picking slate.  In 1890, Kate was a widow living in Porter Township, Schuylkill County.  Charles was a member of the 208th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company H, serving as a Private.  He was mustered in on 16 Aug 1864 and mustered out on 1 Jun 1865.  As a result of his service in the war, his widow Catherine was able to receive a widow’s pension after 1890.  Not much else is known about him and his family.

George K. Stroud (1839-1920)

George K. Stroud was born on 11 August 1839 in Pennsylvania and died on 12 Jun 1920 in Pennsylvania.  He is also found in the records as “George Stoud.”  George was mustered into service in the 93rd Pennsylvania Infantry , Company C, as a Private, on 22 Oct 1861. During the was wounded in the Battle of the Wilderness, 5 May 1864.  At the time of the 1890 Veterans Census, he reported hearing difficulties as a result of his Civil War service.  He was then living in Tower City. His war injuries enabled him to apply for and receive a pension as early as 1879.  George is mentioned in the history of his regimen which was also known as the “Lebanon Infantry.” Not much else is known about George or his family.

Jacob Gamber (1834-1890)

Jacob Gamber (or Gamper) was born on 3 January 1833 in Lebanon County, Pennsylvania and died 15 May 1890 in Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.  In 1855,  he married Anna Mary Schaumber who was born in 1837 in Pennsylvania and died in 1916.  They had children:  John, born about 1857; William Henry or “Hy,” born about 1862; Elizabeth, born 1866; Aaron, born about 1875; George, born about 1878; Joseph, born about 1880; and Edwin, born about 1883.  One military record indicates Jacob was drafted into the 51st Pennsylvania Infantry, Company B, as a Private, on 16 September 1861 and another record indicates he was mustered in 27 September 1864.  He was discharged by General Order with no date recorded in the records.  His widow reported in the 1890 Census that Jacob was “ruptured” during the war.  A record of a pension application or pension has not yet been located.  Government records indicate that his grave marker was provided as a result of his service and his regiment and company are noted on the stone.  Nothing else is known about Jacob or his family.

Anyone with additional information about these veterans or any other veterans buried in the St. Paul’s Lutheran Church Cemetery is urged to provide it.

Category: Memorials, Queries, Research, Stories | Comments Off on Tower City, Porter, and Rush Township Veterans Memorial
Tags: Frantz family, G.A.R., Gamber family, Maurer family, Monument, Porter Township, Rush Township, Stroud family, Tower City

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on December 29, 2010

(Part 3 of 3).  Ruth Buffington, daughter of Richard Buffington (1654-1748) was born either in England or in America some time before her brother Richard, who is said to be the first child born in what is now Pennsylvania.  According to the records of the Concord Monthly Meeting, Ruth married Ezekiel Harlan of Kennett, Pennsylvania, early in 1706.  Ezekiel was believed to have been born in Ireland in 1679.  Six known children were born to their union:  (1) Ezekiel Harlan Jr.; (2) Elizabeth Harlan; (3) Mary Harlan; (4) Joseph Harlan; (5) Ruth Harlan; and (6) Benjamin Harlan.

Ruth [Buffington] Harlan was considered to be a good business woman who preserved the family estate after the death of her husband Ezekiel on a business trip to England in 1732.

Ezekiel Harlan Jr. (c1707-1754) married Hannah Oborn (c1707-?).  Their children, all born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, were: (1) Susannah Harlan; (2) Hannah Harlan; (3) Ezekiel Harlan III; (4) Ellis Harlan; (5) Jonathan Harlan; (6) Ruth Harlan; and (7) Elizabeth Harlan.

Around the time of the French and Indian War (about 1754), many members of the Harlan and Buffington families went south to areas they believed were safer than the lands of Pennsylvania which the Quakers were reluctant to defend against the Indians.  Ezekiel Harlan III and his brothers Jonathan and Ellis became traders among the Cherokees in Tennessee, the Carolinas, and Georgia.  Eventually, Ezekiel Harlan III settled in Edgefield County, South Carolina.

Edgefield County, South Carolina – 1895

Ezekiel Harlan III (c1733-?) married Elizabeth ?.  For some unknown reason, all the children of Ezekiel began to spell their name “Harling.”  The children were:  (1) Elizabeth Harling, who married Peter Ouzts; (2) Jacob Harling, who married a Richardson; (3) Michael Harling, who married Nancy Polatta; (4) John Harling, who married Elizabeth Dorn; and (5) Ezekiel Harling IV.

John Harling and Elizabeth [Dorn] Harling had these children:  (1) Polly Harling, who married William Dorn; (2) Margaret, or “Peggy” Harling (c1793-1856), who married Joseph Parkman; (3) David Harling, who married Mariah Stidham; and (4) John Harling Jr., who married Minerva Stidham.

John Harling Jr.’s marriage to Minerva Stidham produced the following children:  (1) Mary Harling; (2) William Harling; (3) Lemuel Harling; (4) Thomas Harling; (5) Edmund Harling; (6) Rufus Harling; (7) Perry Harling; (8) Susan Harling; (9) Margaret Harling; (10) Emily Harling; (11) Whitman Harling; (12) Virginia Harling; and (13) Arthur Harling.

It is the brothers Lemuel Harling and Rufus Harling that are the subject of this post.  They were the 4^th great-grandchildren of Richard Buffington (1654-1748) and they would be the “lost” 5^th and 6^th cousins of the Lykens Valley Civil War soldiers who fought for the Union.

Lemuel Harling was born 27 June 1831 in Edgefield County, South Carolina.  He died on 2 April 1901 at the same place.  He served as a Private with the 14^th Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Company K.  His obituary fails to mention his Civil War service.

The State, 4 April 1901

Rufus Harling was born 29 Jan 1845 in Edgefield County, South Carolina.  He died on 16 September 1897 in Greenwood, South Carolina.  Late in life, he was an active writer on his Civil War experiences and was particularly descriptive of his service in the 14^th Regiment South Carolina Volunteers, Company K, in which he and his brother Lemuel served.

Harling described the history of the Company:

This company was organized from that portion of Edgefield County commonly known as the “Dutch Settlement,”…there were no aristocrats among them. They owned but few slaves, but were sturdy yeomen, and did their own work….Early in 1861 some of them began to go to Edgefield Court House, and there they heard some of the fiery speeches about the “infernal Yankees” trying to rob us of our rights…..Soon there-after this company was formed and organized. Being supplied with the general parapharnalia which go to make up a soldier’s outfit, they were bid by their dear mothers and wives to go to the front and to do their duty for their country.

I, being at that time a fifteen-year-old boy, at home… was miserable for fear the war would terminate before I would take a hand in the struggle. I could hear of the battles of Manassas and around Richmond, all resulting in victories for the Confederates. I then would have been glad to have heard of a defeat, I thought it would prolong the struggle and give me an opportunity to take a hand….  [By 1863] I feared my father would not let me go, as he had already sent four sons to the front. Besides, being only seventeen years of age, which was unfavorable to me.

On 6 June 1896, Rufus Harling wrote a letter to the Edgefield Chronicle describing the events of 1 July 1863:

This [Gettysburg] was the most disastrous battle of the war to our company. Its casualties on that day were equal to all the rest from that time to the close of the war. As well as my memory serves me, we went into the battle with 43 men. Thirty-seven were killed and wounded, only six being able to march back to old Virginia. Well do I remember our orders from the brave Query, “Hold your fire men and close in on the enemy.”

In the history of the Company, Rufus Harling continues his description of the events at Gettysburg:

We still moved north – had not as yet seen the foe…. We… had marched through Maryland and were in Pennsylvania. We rested for a day or so and then moved again. Across the Blue Ridge Mountains, and then we bivouacked in the Cumberland Valley. And sad, sad indeed that it was the last before the last sleep of so many of our brave boys.

Early in the morning of July 1st we were ordered to “fall in,” and we hastily moved in the direction of Gettysburg. It was not long before we heard an occasional roar of the cannon, and it then became known that our advance lines had at last found the enemy, and that we, too, would soon be engaged in battle. As we came nearer the more constant and rapid could the firing be heard. About 10 o’clock we came in sight of the enemy. Without halting we filed out of the road to the right and formed line of battle in the edge of the roads. There we saw the wounded who had been engaged with the enemy returning – some stating they had been cut up badly and a great many had been captured. Col. Perrin commanded McGowan’s brigade, to which the Fourteenth South Carolina belonged. Col. J. M. Brown commanding the Regiment, ordered the Regiment to lie down until other Regiments could form on our left. We could see the enemy just in the edge of the town behind a strong rock fence waiting for us to advance. The ground over which we had to advance was open – nothing to shield us from the shot of the enemy. At the word “Attention” we formed in open field, in plain view of the enemy. The orders were, “hold your fire men, and close in with the enemy.” We advanced in splendid order and when in 200 yards of the enemy they opened a terrific fire on us with both artillery and musketry, sending the missiles of death into our faces and plowing great gaps through our ranks. Still we obeyed orders to hold our fire. We advanced – filling up the space made by our fallen, and when we had gotten within about fifty yards where the enemy were posted, our lines wavered, caused by filling up the spaces and it now seemed that our thin lines were destined to almost complete annihilation. We were fired upon from right, left, and centre, and to retreat would have been complete destruction. Just at this time Col. Perrin, seeing our situation, came charging through our lines and at a time when it seemed that no living being could escape the thick flying missiles of death. But the brave Colonel dashed along our thin lines, waving and pointing his sword at the enemy. The men redoubled their resolutions and made a dash for and captured the rock fence. The enemy fled in disorder. Then came our time for sending the death-dealing shots into their broken ranks, – equally as they had of pouring it into our unfortunate faces as we had advanced.

Soon the town of Gettysburg was in our possession. McGowan’s brigade, under the command of the brave Perrin, had won the day. But at a great sacrifice. At least one-half his command had been killed or wounded and was compelled to halt. Had another as equally good brigade then come up to follow the pursuit of the flying enemy, the three days battle at Gettysburg would have ended in a complete victory to the Confederates.

Just here let me say in honor to the brave Colonel Perrin, that his dashing through our lines at its most critical period, was the most daring and gallant act I have ever seen executed. And to him your humble writer gives credit for the victory won on the first day of July at Gettysburg. He was complimented by Gen. Lee and on the field made Brigadier-General.

For the remainder of his history of the 14^th South Carolina, Rufus Harling summarizes the days after Gettysburg:

During the winter [of 1863-1864] our company recruited to almost its former strength, and we afterwards took part in all the important battles under Gen. Lee. There were the Battle of the Wilderness, Battle of the Horseshoe or Spottsylvania C. H., Noel’s Station, Second Cold Harbor, Ridley’s Shops, Deep Bottom, New Market Heights, around Petersburg, Jones’ House, Reams’ Station, Hatcher’s Run, and on the South Side Railroad at Trevillian Station. But in all these close regular engagements Company “K’s” losses did not exceed that of the battle of Gettysburg.

The small remnant of this company surrendered at Appomattox under command of Captain W. S. Allen. Then, in their well-worn old uniforms, came to their homes on Sleepy Creek without a penny with which to begin the battle of life. But they had not forgotten their former occupations, and any one visiting them now would not find men or fine dress, but sit down to dine with them you would be filled with home-raised ham and plenty of other good things to make any one content and happy.

Gettysburg Battlefield Marker for Perrin’s Brigade

Gettysburg Battlefield – South Carolina Monument

Gettysburg Battlefield – South Carolina Regiments Including 14th Infantry

Further research is needed on both Harlan brothers to determine all the battles in which they participated as members of the 14^th South Carolina – and to compare with other descendants of Richard Buffington from the Lykens Valley who fought on the Union sides.  Lemuel Harling appears to have served with the 14^th South Carolina for most of the war, while Rufus Harling appears to have joined in 1863 just before the Battle of Gettysburg.  No doubt, many stories can be found which place the Buffington-descendant-cousins directly opposite each other in battle.  At Gettysburg alone, hundreds of Lykens Valley soldiers fought for Pennsylvania and many were positioned just across the battle lines from the Harling brothers.  How many of these were cousins of the Harlings still must be determined.

Another unanswered question is how many more of the sons of John Harling Jr. can be documented as members of Confederate regiments.  Rufus indicated:  “I feared my father would not let me go, as he had already sent four sons to the front.”  One of these sons was Lemuel Harling.  Who were the others?

Much study also still needs to be done on the other Harling descendants to see how many more were members of Confederate regiments.  But that study will be left up to others who have an interest in South Carolina’s role in the Civil War as well as the activities of the residents of Edgefield County, South Carolina.

It is quite ironic that three generations after Ezekiel Harlan III left Pennsylvania to find a more peaceful environment in South Carolina, his great-grandsons returned to Pennsylvania in war – not many miles from the Lykens Valley where Ezekiel Harlan III‘s second cousin Benjamin Buffington (1730-1814) had settled on what was then the western frontier.  The passage of time had made the Pennsylvanians and the Unionists, rather than the Indians, the threat to the way of life of the Harlan descendants.

Information for this post was taken from the (1) Buffington Family in America, particularly pages 261-262, which trace the descendants of Ruth [Buffington} Harlan through the Civil War generation of Lemuel Harling and Rufus Harling; (2) The History of Edgefield County South Carolina, available through Google Books, free download;  (3) Web site for the Harlan family in America;  (4) History and Genealogy of the Harlan Family, by Alpheus H. Harlan, a copy of which is available at the Gratz Historical Society, or available through the Harlan family website; (5) resources at the Edgefield County (SC) Historical Society; (6) Map of Edgefield County (SC) in 1895.

Category: Memorials, Queries, Research, Resources, Stories | 7 Comments »
Tags: Buffington family, Gratz Borough, Harlan family, Harling family, Regiments

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on December 28, 2010

(Part 2 of 3). Benjamin Buffington (c1730-1814), the great-grandson of Richard Buffington, emigrant from Great Marlow on the Thames, England, was the first of the Buffington family to settle in the Lykens Valley.  After the American Revolution, in which he served in Captain Weaver’s Company, he brought his family to the area at the end of Short Mountain, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania, in about the location where the Hoffman Monument stands today.  It is believed that he is buried there, but none of the original tombstones have survived.

Nearly all persons with the Buffington surname who are from the Lykens Valley area are descendants of this Benjamin Buffington.

Benjamin Buffington’s grandfather was Thomas Buffington (1685-1739) and his grandmother was Ruth [Cope] Buffington (1687-1728).  Ruth was a direct descendant of King Edward I Plantagenet of England through the Cope and Stafford lines, and hence all members of the “Royal Line” are relatives of the Lykens Valley Buffington’s and their descendants.  Queen Victoria, who was ruler of the United Kingdom during the American Civil War, was therefore a distant cousin of the Lykens Valley Buffington’s who fought in the Civil War.  But that’s another story and the strange and ironic connections of that relationship may be explored at another time.  For now, we will focus on the Buffington family connections in the Lykens Valley to the Civil War.

Benjamin Buffington married Mary Frissell (born about 1730).  The marriage took place in Olde Swede’s Church in Wilmington, Delaware.  After Mary died, Benjamin re-married the widow of Albrecht Deibler, also a Revolutionary War soldier.

George Buffington (1759-1830), a son of Benjamin and Mary Buffington, was born in Chester County and came to the Lykens Valley with his parents.  Like his father, he also was a Revolutionary War Soldier serving in Captain Weaver’s Company out of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.  George married Barbara Hoffman (1763-1827), a daughter of John Peter Hoffman who has previously been discussed in relation to the Hoffman Family Monument at the foot of Short Mountain.  It is believed that both George Buffington and Barbara [Hoffman] Buffington are among the 26 persons also buried at that location.

Of those persons with the Buffington surname who have currently been identified for the Civil War Research Project, little information is known.  More information is needed on each.

Henry Buffington is identified on the Lykens G.A.R. Monument as a Member of the Heilner G.A.R. Post and as a Private during the Civil War  Nothing else is known about him at this time.

Henry Buffington was named in the Halifax Area Bicentennial Book as a Civil War veteran who is buried at the St. James Cemetery, Carsonville, Pennsylvania.  It is possible that this is the same person who is named on the Lykens G.A.R. Monument.  Nothing else is known about him at this time.

Jeremiah Buffington, born 13 July 1836, died 25 June 1891, is buried in Gratz Union Cemetery, Gratz, Pennsylvania.  There is G.A.R. marker is at his grave.  Although he died in 1891, he has not been located in the 1890 Veterans Census nor has he been located in the Pennsylvania Archives veteran’s card index under the name “Jeremiah.”  Efforts to find out in which regiment he served have not been successful.  Jeremiah Buffington was the great-grandson of Benjamin Buffington, the first of the Lykens Valley Buffington’s.  He married Emma Hess and had about eight children.  His grave marker is pictured below:

Jeremiah Buffington (1836-1891)

Joseph Buffington is identified as a “U.S.” Civil War veteran in the 1890 Veterans Census for Wayne Township, Dauphin County, Pennsylvania.  No other information is given.  The indication “U.S.” could mean that he served in the Regular Army and therefore wouldn’t be listed in any of the Pennsylvania indexes.

Joseph Buffington is identified as a Civil War veteran buried in St. James Cemetery, Carsonville, Pennsylvania.  This could be the same Joseph Buffington as above or a different Joseph Buffington.  More information is needed.

For none of the Buffington’s named above do we have knowledge of an exact Civil War regiment.  Research continues; suggestions and information are welcome.

There are about two dozen additional persons with the Buffington surname in the veteran’s card index of the Pennsylvania Archives, but none of these has been specifically connected to the Lykens Valley as of the present time.  More research could confirm additional persons with the Buffington surname from the Lykens Valley who were Civil War veterans.

In addition to those with the Buffington surname, other surnames appear in the descendants of Benjamin Buffington as a result of marriage with Buffington women.  These surnames are too numerous to mention at this time and include most of the common surnames in the Lykens Valley area.

The last post in this series will focus on the descendants of Ruth [Buffington] Harlan, one of the oldest daughters of the emigrant Richard Buffington, the migration of members of the Harlan and Buffington families to the Carolinas, and the service of two Buffington cousins in the 14^th South Carolina Infantry.

Some of the information for this post was taken from (1)  The Buffington Family in America, privately published in 1965; (2) A Brief History of the Yeager, Buffington, Creighton… Families and Their Collateral Kindred of Pennsylvania, compiled by James Martin Yeager; and (3) A Comprehensive History of the Town of Gratz Pennsylvania, published in 1997.

Category: Research, Resources, Stories | 4 Comments »
Tags: Buffington family, Carsonville, Cope family, G.A.R., Gratz Borough, Hess family, Hoffman family, Lykens Borough, Plantagenet family, Stafford family, Wayne Township