;

Civil War Blog

A project of PA Historian

Silent Night (Stille Nacht)

Posted By on December 24, 2011

SILENT NIGHT (Stille Nacht)

The facts of how and why Fr. Joseph Mohr wrote the poem in 1818 in Austria which was set to music by church organist Franz Gruber have been lost in time.  What has not been lost is the tradition that evolved from the hymn, a tradition which exists down to the present day in churches throughout the land.  At the conclusion of Christmas Eve midnight services and masses, the santuary is darkened of all electric light, candles are lit, and the congregation sings the Mohr-Gruber hymn, now the most famous of all Christmas carols.

The hymn was brought to America by German immigrants in the period before the Civil War and was popular in both north and south.

Soldiers, waiting in camps during the long cold winter, sang the song which reminded them of home – the loved ones they left behind – and the traditions and solitude of Christmas past.  With the Lutheran and Reformed background of many of the soldiers of the Lykens Valley area, the words of the German language were known and understood.  The YouTube version presented above is by St. Thomas Boys Choir.

Another version, as sung by the Innsbrucker Capellknaben, is accompanied by harp.  The original version was accompanied by a string instrument because the organ was supposedly not working.

*

The German lyrics are from http://silentnight.web.za/translate/deu.htm:

1. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Alles schläft; einsam wacht
Nur das traute hoch heilige Paar.
Holder Knab’ im lockigen Haar,
| Schlafe in himmlischer Ruh! |

2. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Gottes Sohn, o wie lacht
Lieb’ aus deinem göttlichen Mund,
Da uns schlägt die rettende Stund’.
| Jesus in deiner Geburt! |

3. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Die der Welt Heil gebracht,
Aus des Himmels goldenen Höhn,
Uns der Gnaden Fülle läßt sehn,
| Jesum in Menschengestalt! |

4. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Wo sich heut alle Macht
Väterlicher Liebe ergoß,
Und als Bruder huldvoll umschloß
| Jesus die Völker der Welt! |

5. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Lange schon uns bedacht,
Als der Herr vom Grimme befreit
In der Väter urgrauer Zeit
| Aller Welt Schonung verhieß! |

6. Stille Nacht! Heil’ge Nacht!
Hirten erst kundgemacht
Durch der Engel Alleluja,
Tönt es laut bei Ferne und Nah:
| “Jesus der Retter ist da!” |

 

Church of the Brethren Cemetery, Upper Paxton Township – Part 2

Posted By on December 23, 2011

Church of the Brethren Cemetery is located just north of Route 209 in Upper Paxton Township.  In traveling west from Rife, the Free Grace Church appears on the left and within a short distance, on the other side of the road, there is a sign for Keefer’s Road.  Turn right at Keefer’s Road and the cemetery is on the hill on the right side of Keefer’s Road.  The original church at this site is no longer there and the cemetery shows mixed signs of care, with some graves receiving what appears to be perpetual care while others appear to be in various states of ruin.  The pile of stones in the forefront of this cemetery attests to the varying stages of neglect suffered at this site.

Yesterday, the well-kept grave-site of Uriah Koppenheffer was presented.  Today, four additional Civil War era personages are discussed.

——————————

JEREMIAH HAWK (1833-1912)

Jeremiah Hawk was the son of Daniel Hawk and Nancy [Bender] Hawk.  In 1850, he was living in the household of Michael Sauer in Wiconisco and working as a laborer.  When the Civil War came, Jeremiah enlisted early joining the 10th Pennsylvania Infantry in April 1861 where he served until 31 July 1861 at discharge.  Civilian life apparently did not suit him, because a short time later in September 1861, he was mustered into the 96th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company G, as a Private, and then consolidated with the 95th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company G, on 18 October 1864, where he served for the remainder of the war.  After his honorable discharge on 15 July 1865, he is difficult to locate in the census records, but it is believed that he stayed in the Upper Paxton Township area of Dauphin County.  A marriage record has not been located for him.  Also, a Pension Index card has not been located although the Civil War Research Project has several pages of records that could be from his pension file; the length of his service certainly qualified him for a pension.  The veterans’ record card at the Pennsylvania Archives indicates that he was nearly six feet tall, had blue eyes, dark hair and a light complexion.  Because he has been located in a census record for Wiconisco, his name appears on the Lykens G.A.R. Monument and because he spent the last years of his life in the Upper Paxton Township area, his name also appears on the Millersburg Civil War Monument.  In addition to these monuments, Jeremiah’s name also appears on the 96th Pennsylvania Infantry tablet on the Pennsylvania Monument at Gettysburg.

——————————

JACOB M. WITHERS (1842-1887)

The tattered flag that is displayed at the grave of Jacob M. Withers is a clear indication that there is irregular care at this grave site, even by veterans groups of the area who should be regularly recognizing all who served honorably in America’s wars.  The Pension Index Card notes that his service was in the 5th United States Artillery of the Regular Army and not a Pennsylvania regiment.  Jacob was born in 1843 in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, but in 1860, he and his wife Catherine, who was from Upper Paxton Township, were living in the Lykens Valley.  Jacob’s name does not appear on the Millersburg Civil War Monument, perhaps because he died in 1875, before the Kilpatrick Post of the G.A.R. was active in Millersburg.  Nevertheless, his burial in Upper Paxton Township qualifies him for inclusion in the veterans’ list of the Civil War Research Project.  More information is sought on Jacob M. Withers.

——————————

GEORGE W. HINKLE ((1843-?)

George W. Hinkle was born in 1843 in Pennsylvania and his grave is clearly marked with the G.A.R. star and flag holder.  However, it is not clear which regiment he served in nor is much other information known about him.  More research needs to be done to determine his contribution to the Civil War and his connection to the geographic area of this Civil War Research Project.

——————————

SAMUEL W.”SAM” REINHART (1838-1907)

Samuel Reinhart was born in 1838, the son of Jacob Reinhart (1808-18979), a laborer, and Ann Elizabeth [O’Brien] Reinhart (1808-1869).  The family lived in Derry Township, Dauphin County, just before the Civil War.  In April 1861, Samuel answered the call and joined one of the first regiments formed, the 3rd Pennsylvania Infantry, Company B, as a Private.  After discharge in July 1863, he returned to Dauphin County briefly until his re-enlistment in the 107th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company I, as a Private on 8 March 1862, where he served a full term and then, while at Mitchell’s Station, Virginia, 29 February 1864, he re-enlisted in the same regiment for another term.  This final enlistment proved unlucky for Samuel because he was captured at the Weldon Railroad on 10 August 1864 and held prisoner by the rebels through the winter and into March 1865 when he was finally paroled and allowed to return to his regiment.  After his discharge from the service, he married Mary Hinkle and settled in Upper Paxton Township where he worked as a farmer and raised a family.  Their known children with approximate years of birth, were:  Anna M. Reinhart (1868); Mary E. Reinhart (1870); Harriet E. Reinhart (1872); Isadore V. Reinhart (1874); Samuel G. Reinhart (1878); and Catharine “Katie” Reinhart (1881).  Samuel Reinhart collected a pension until his death, whereupon his widow continued to collect the pension until her death until 1916.  Samuel Reinhart is recognized on the Millersburg Civil War Monument.

Church of the Brethren Cemetery, Upper Paxton Township – Part 1

Posted By on December 22, 2011

Church of the Brethren Cemetery is located just north of Route 209 in Upper Paxton Township.  In traveling west from Rife, the Free Grace Church appears on the left and within a short distance, on the other side of the road, there is a sign for Keefer’s Road.  Turn right at Keefer’s Road and the cemetery is on the hill on the right side of Keefer’s Road.  The original church at this site is no longer there and the cemetery shows mixed signs of care, with some graves receiving what appears to be perpetual care while others appear to be in various states of ruin.

Several graves are obviously those of Civil War veterans. One of those graves will be featured today, that of Uriah Koppenheffer.  Tomorrow, an additional four graves will be noted.

——————————-

URIAH KOPPENHEFFER (1838-1915)

Uriah Koppenheffer was born in 1838 in Pennsylvania, the son of Daniel Koppenheffer (1814-1873), a farmer, and his wife Francis “Fanny” Koppenheffer (1817-1895).  Uriah spent his early years working on the family farm in Washington Township, Dauphin County, as a farm hand.  During the war he served with the 192nd Pennsylvania Infantry, Company H, as a Private (14 February 1865 through 24 August 1865).  After the war he and his wife Mary settled in Upper Paxton Township, Dauphin County, as a farmer and began raising a family (birth years of children are approximate):  Catharine “Katie” Koppenheffer (1868); Charles Koppenheffer (1870); Rosie Koppenheffer (1872); Robert Koppenheffer (1873); Edward Koppenheffer (1875); Rebecca Koppenheffer (1877); Amos Koppenheffer (1880); and Mary A. Koppenheffer (1884).  In 1890, Uriah applied for an invalid pension, which he received until his death in 1915 and for a short time thereafter until her death in 1916, the pension was received by his widow.  Uriah Koppenheffer‘s Civil War service is duly noted on the Millersburg Civil War Monument.

Discussion of burials in this cemetery will continue tomorrow.

Hanukkah and the Gratz Family

Posted By on December 21, 2011

The blog, Rebecca Gratz and 19th Century America, by Susan Sklaroff, has been previously mentioned on this blog and on this day that begins Hanukkah 2011, readers are directed to three past posts on Susan Sklaroff’s blog which deal with subject of Hanukkah.

From her blog header, Susan Sklaroff states:

Rebecca Gratz (1781-1869), a Philadelphia philanthropist, founded the first Hebrew Sunday School in America and participated as a founding member in several other nonsectarian and Jewish charitable organizations which were among the first to be organized and run by women. Besides her good works, she is remembered today for her beauty, her thwarted love affair with a non-Jew and the persistent story that she was the inspiration for the character of Rebecca in Scott’s novel Ivanhoe.

For the purposes of this Civil War Blog, it is again noted that the founder of Gratz, Pennsylvania, was Simon Gratz, the brother of Rebecca.  The “Gratz Family” is one of the topics on this Civil War Blog and all prior posts can easily be accessed by clicking on “Gratz Family” in the topics column.

Three of the past posts on Rebecca Gratz and 19th Century America can be accessed by clicking on the titles below:

Did St. Nicholas Visit the Gratz House?   22 December 2009.

St. Nicholas Visits the Mordecai House.  17 December 2010.

Hanukkah Greetings.  15 December 2009.

Enjoy!  And, Happy Hanukkah, from Gratz, Pennsylvania.

Honorable Discharges – 177th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company I – Part 10

Posted By on December 20, 2011

Today, the blog post  again continues to feature members of the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company I, who served the full term of nine months and received honorable discharges on 5 August 1863.  The research results presented here are based on preliminary data gathering on each of the members of the company and searches for Pension Index Cards that reference the pension application files that are available at the National Archives in Washington, D.C.  Some of the members of this company have been previously discussed on blog posts here and reference to those posts are provided with links.

In addition, much has already been written on Benjamin J. Evitts, the elected captain of this company (click here for previous posts on Benjamin J. Evitts).   Click here for previous posts on the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry.

The 177th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company I,was a drafted militia that served for nine months.  No member of this militia was reported injured as a result of a military act, so, theoretically, nearly all the pension applications should be post-1890, when “age” became the most significant factor for the veteran to receive a pension.  This should be reflected in the date of application on the Pension Index Card.  If the veteran died before 1890, there probably was no application made by the veteran, but it is possible that a widow applied.  In the column for “Certificate Number,” if no number appears, this would indicate that an application was made, but no pension was awarded.  If a number appears in the “Certificate Number” column, it can be assumed that a pension was awarded, although the date of the award cannot be determined from the Pension Index Card.

——————————

DANIEL H. WINGERT

Not much is known about Daniel H. Wingert.  A Pension Index Card has not been located for the Daniel who served in the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry and neither has an 1890 veterans’ census record.  It is possible that this is the same person who was living with his parents, Jacob Wingert, a laborer, and Phoebe Ann Wingert in Jackson Township, Dauphin County, in 1850, but more proof is needed of the connection.

——————————

HENRY HARRIS WEAVER

Henry H. Weaver was located in the Pension Index.  The attorney who represented him in his pension application was located in Lykens Borough, and the Henry H. Weaver who was found in the census returns in 1850 was also from Lykens, born about 1841, the son of John Weaver, a farmer, and Rebecca Weaver and from this information, a connection is assumed.  Not much else is known about him.

——————————

JOHN L. WILLIARD

John L. Williard was born in 1840 in Lykens Township, Dauphin County, the son of John Aaron Williard (1804-1880) and Mary Polly Ossman (1806-1884).  In addition to serving in the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry, John also joined the 103rd Pennsylania Infantry with many of his neighbors from Lykens Township.  Two days prior to being mustered in, 12 March 1865, he married Elizabeth “Eliza” Thomas.  After his honorable discharge on 25 June 1865 at New Berne, North Carolina, he returned to the Lykens Valley to raise a family.  Children born to the marriage were (dates approximate):  Ann T. Williard (1867); Julianna Williard (1869); Mary Alice Williard (1871-1897); Eliza Williard (1873-1926); Gurney Queen Williard (1877-1933); John F. Williard (1880-1888); Daniel C. Williard (1884-1940); Henry Clarence Williard (1886-1943);  and Annie G. Williard (1891-1961).  Throughout his lifetime he was a farmer.  Late in life he applied for an received an invalid pension for his Civil War service.  He died of consumption in 1897 and was buried in Zion (Klinger’s) Church Cemetery, Erdman, Lykens Township.

——————————

ELIAS ZERFING (1838-1918)

Elias Zerfing was born in 1838 in Pennsylvania.  His parentage is not known at this time.  His only known service during the Civil War was as a member of the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry.  The Pension Index Card for him was inacessible through Ancestry.com.  Near the end of the Civil War, Elias Zerfing married Elizabeth Hepner.  They lived in Gratz and Lykens Township where Elias was a farmer and a carpenter.  Their children were (birth years approximate):  Morris Zerfing (1867); Amelia Zerfing (1868); Charles Zerfing (1869-1937);  William A. Zerfing (1874);  James Zerfing (1876-1942); and Allen M. Zerfing (1880-1900).  Elias died in 1918 after living the last six years of his life as a widower.  He is buried in Gratz Union Cemetery.  Elias Zerfing was featured in a prior post on Civil War Gratz, “Elias Zerfing, Carpenter.”

—————————–

This concludes the “Honorable Discharges” of the 177th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company I.  Future posts will discuss the commissioned officers who have not been previously featured as well as any remaining men who have claimed service in this regiment and company.