Civil War Blog

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on April 17, 2015

On Thursday evening, 22 January 2015, a hate crime occurred in Washington Township, just outside the Borough of Elizabethville, at the home of a young African American woman.  The woman, who had moved from Harrisburg to make a better life for herself and her two children was targeted by someone who placed a burning cross on her lawn.  She was not home at the time the incident occurred.  Neighbors put out the fire and the next day, when she returned to her home, she was told of the cross-burning, whereupon she called the State Police, who allegedly did not respond to her call for two days.

Unfortunately, the initial statements from authorities indicated that the cross-burning was being treated as an “isolated incident” and perhaps a “childish prank.” It was anything but!

State Police made the crime information public about a week after the cross-burning occurred so it was not until 29 January 2015 when the first reports began to appear in the media.

In the videos posted on line, the victim told of her fear for herself and her children:

1. The Harrisburg ABC Affliate’s Report.  “Elizabethville Woman Shocked By Cross Burning In Her Yard.”

2. The Harrisburg NBC Affiliate’s Report.  “Police Investigating After Cross-Burning on Lawn of Dauphin County Home.”

In those reports, the young woman also related prior incidents in which her car window was shot out and her home was broken into.

Fortunately, the response was quick and damning from some officials of the Christian [United Church of Christ, Lutheran, and Methodist] religious community in the area.  A letter was sent to the Harrisburg Patriot-News by five Upper Dauphin County area ministers and published in its 15 February 2015 edition.  That letter is reproduced in its entirety at the end of this blog post.  The letter concluded with the following statement:  “Shame on whoever committed this despicable act in Elizabethville.  And shame on anyone who secretly condones such acts, or condones the attitudes that inspire such acts.”

On the same day that letter appeared, the Harrisburg affiliate of CBS reported that two white, teenage boys had been been charged with the crime.  Since the boys were 14 and 17 years old, the case was referred to the Dauphin County Juvenile Court System and the names of the two boys were not released because of their ages.    The local newspapers, the Upper Dauphin Sentinel (Millersburg) and the Citizen-Standard (Valley View) specified the charges levied against the two juveniles as ethnic intimidation [hate crime], arson, reckless burning, criminal mischief, disorderly conduct, criminal mischief, and criminal conspiracy.  The Sentinel also revealed that there was a second woman in the same apartment complex who had also been victimized and that the local YWCA was attempting to re-locate both women and their families to an area where they would feel safer.

Hate crimes do not occur in isolation.  And, juveniles do not act in such a despicable manner unless they are directly influenced by adults.  As the ministers stated in their letter, “Unless we teach our young people – and remind ourselves – about the atrocities once committed back in the days of legalized discrimination, we will never get past incidents such as this one.”   The ministers also said: “Our school systems, churches and other organizations have worked hard to educate people concerning racist policies and attitudes; as well as to promote, at both the personal and the professional level, an attitude of acceptance and a goal of fair and equal treatment for all people.”

But, at least one organization in the Lykens Valley area has not accepted principles of tolerance and fair and equal treatment of all people.  That organization is the Gratz Historical Society which is led by Lois and Charles Schoffstall of Gratz.

On 28 May 2014, it was reported here on this blog of bigoted attitudes being promoted by these so-called leaders of the Gratz Historical Society.  The shameful and ignorant views of those claiming to be in authority at the Gratz Historical Society have manifested themselves in creating a hostile work environment for volunteers, use of the resources of the Society to promote hatred and discrimination, gross distortions of the historical record, and numerous possible violations of State and Federal law.  The blog post, entitled “Why Are There Ku Klux Klan Uniform in Gratz?” began with a description of an offensive “shrine” to the Klan at the Society’s museum on East Market Street in Gratz and then gave the “official” interpretation of that exhibit of three Klan uniforms which is included in a video produced by the Society.

In the video, Becci Stine Hoover, a retired businesswoman from Elizabethville, makes light of the Klan’s activities in Gratz and then proceeds to give the “Heil Hitler” salute to the three mannequins wearing the Klan uniforms.  In the background, Charles Schoffstall, a retired businessman of Gratz, loudly laughs at her “joke.”  Another person is also heard laughing, possibly Marlin “Shorty” Umberger, a Boy Scout leader from Wiconisco, who served as one of the narrators and producers of the video.  Not present in the video or named on its cover, is Lois Schoffstall, who in recent years has illegally seized control of all aspects of the Society.  Without a doubt, everything in the video had to approved by her – including the offensive “Heil Hitler” salute – or it would not have been released.

The fact that Becci Stine Hoover and the Gratz Historical Society were defending Mrs. Hoover’s uncle, one of the Klansmen “honored” by the offensive exhibit, make the video even more despicable.  That Klansman, who is buried in the Maple Grove Cemetery, Elizabethville, across the street from the Upper Dauphin Area High School, was also a distant cousin of Charles Schoffstall, who is heard laughing in the video – and who is known for blurting out ethnic and religious stereotypes as facts, but covers his ears if anyone offends his own “sensibilities” by using the words “damn” or “hell” in his presence.

Despite the condemnation of that video here on this blog, the Society continues to sell it and the four persons associated with it continue to be listed as “officers” of the Society.

In 2013, Charles Schoffstall was forcibly removed from the Gratz Zoning Board as a result of his bigoted actions against Amish residents of Gratz.  In a vicious, anti-Amish campaign, Schoffstall used the Gratz Historical Society facilities to conspire with other Gratz residents to deny a building permit to an Amish farmer who sought to build a large agricultural facility at the east end of Gratz Borough.  On appeal to the Pennsylvania Attorney General by the Amish farmer, the Zoning Board’s decision was reversed and Schoffstall was removed from the Zoning Board.  Shortly after that reversal, Schoffstall was confronted by members of the Gratz Historical Society, not only for his bigoted actions while a member of the Zoning Board and use of the Society facilities for an unlawful purpose, but also for his mismanagement of Society funds.  As a result of that confrontation, Lois Schoffstall, decided to take the matter to the “Board” and rid the Society of the “complainers.”

Those mentioned above who were part of the video, in addition to a few carefully selected Society members, took part in a secret “Board” meeting held on 16 October 2013 at the Society building which “voted” to give complete control of decisions relating to all aspects of the operation of the Society to Lois Schoffstall.   The “decision” of the group included allowing Lois Schoffstall to purge any volunteers who disagreed in any way with her views on operating the Society or anyone who questioned any of the actions of her husband, Charles Schoffstall.  Following that meeting Lois Schoffstall demanded that the Society’s web site be immediately terminated and the last two persons who had questioned anything she or her husband had done were purged as volunteers.

The rubber-stampers who attended that secret meeting were Raymond Hartman, of Lykens Township, an official of Simeon Lutheran Church and the Gratz Union Cemetery Association; Suzann Williams, of Halifax Borough, a retired employee of the Pennsylvania Liquor Control Board; and Raymond Lahr, of Lykens Township, also retired.  Shame on all of you who participated in that meeting for not allowing the complaints against the Schoffstall’s to be properly adjudicated!  And, shame on all of you for claiming to be officers of the Society when in fact you have not been legally elected as such!

Complaints from members/volunteers about the behavior of Lois and Charles Schoffstall result in the purging of those volunteers who make the complaints rather than addressing the issues that were the basis of the complaints.  Those accusations, outlined and more fully explained in the blog post, Why Are There Ku Klux Klan Uniforms in Gratz? are again coming to the fore in relation to the cross-burning incident that occurred in Elizabethville in January 2015.

The Society membership of approximately 200, has never been officially notified of these actions of Lois Schoffstall or those who met on 16 October 2013 to give her complete control of the Society.  The first newsletter appearing after the October 2013 incident, reported that things were going along well, just as they always had.  There was no mention of anyone who had been removed – they simply disappeared, without explanation.  An annual financial statement for 2013, appearing in that newsletter of January 2014, and signed by Charles Schoffstall, continued to falsify the fiscal status of the Society (the two prior annual reports had also falsified the financial status of the Society).  That falsification continued in the present report of January 2015, when Schoffstall declared that no money has ever been used from the Endowment Fund.  But, Schoffstall failed to explain why there is now approximately $30,000 missing from that Endowment Fund from what should be in the Fund based on annual reports he himself submitted and signed.  [Note:  The 2013 Annual Report states the Endowment Fund is $141,299.69; the 2014 Annual Report states the Endowment Fund is $121,468 – a loss of nearly $20,000.  Both reports say the Fund has “grown steadily over the past few years through member’s contributions… book sales, and interest….  Up to this time period, we have not used any of this Endowment money to support the Society….”  What Schoffstall failed to tell the members is that he used the member’s contributions, book sales money and interest to support the Society (approximately $10,000) – rather than depositing that revenue in the Endowment Fund as required by law – and then lied to the membership about what he was doing].

What also should be noted here is that after pretending that nothing wrong ever happened at the Society and not accounting for the missing/purged volunteers, the Society, under Lois Schoffstall, proudly announced in its July 2014 newsletter that it was mentoring three students from the Upper Dauphin Area High School who were “not only helping [the] staff, but [were] becoming very familiar with the history of the area they live in.”  What history were these young people learning?  Were these students shown the video as an introduction to the exhibits at the Society and to the Society’s “official interpretation” of the activities of the Klan in Gratz and the Lykens Valley?  Perhaps it is just a coincidence that two of the students who volunteered at the Society this past summer were approximately the same age and gender as the two juveniles who were arrested in the cross-burning.  Note:  Students in most of the Lykens Valley attend the same high school – Upper Dauphin Area High School – a small high school with approximately 100 students at each grade level and where most of the students in the school district have been together since grade school.

What also should be questioned is the role of Marlin Umberger in influencing youth about the history of the area, especially when that history concerns race relations.  In a press release by the Society in March 2015, Umberger was touted as “one of the most knowledgeable persons of local history in our area.  He has given many programs at our society and high schools (many recorded…) on the local and state history.” Did Umberger ever show the offensive video at the Upper Dauphin Area High School?

There may never be any direct link made between the bigotry exhibited by the Gratz Historical Society and its so-called “officers” and the cross-burning that took place in Elizabethville on 22 January 2015.  But, indirectly, and as part of a culture that accepts and promotes attitudes that inspire such illegal actions, the Gratz Historical Society should be questioned at the bar of justice.  Certainly there is enough evidence to shut down this group solely based on its failure to operate within the confines of the law.  Note:  Routinely, hate crimes are completely and thoroughly investigated by the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office and by the U.S. Department of Justice; no doubt this hate crime is currently being examined.

“Shame on all of you” – Lois Schoffstall, Charles Schoffstall, Marlin Umberger, Becci Stine Hoover, Suzann Williams, Raymond Hartman and Raymond Lahr.  You all should immediately resign* for your disgraceful conduct and remove yourselves completely from the Gratz Historical Society so its members can re-organize and follow the laws of the State and Federal government – and promote what is just and right!  In the words of the five ministers:  “Unless we stop laughing at racial jokes and slurs, people will assume it is still okay to say such things….” and “unless we teach our young people – and remind ourselves – about the atrocities once committed back in the days of legalized discrimination, we will never get past incidents such as this one.”

Why was there a cross-burning in Elizabethville?  That question has now been answered.

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*Since the Gratz Historical Society has not held legal elections in many years, consultation with an attorney will be required as to how to proceed.  In any re-organization, Life Members (and Annual Members who can verify that their dues are current), must be notified of any actions that will be taken, the opportunity available to seek positions as officers and directors by election, and the date and place when such elections will take place.  A forensic audit also may be required since the Society books have not been properly kept for years.

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The following is the text of the letter from the five area ministers:

The recent cross-burning incident [hate crime] that occurred in Elizabethville has greatly upset a young African-American woman trying to make a new life for herself and her children.  For this family, what should have been a fresh start in a welcoming community has become a rude awakening to deep-rooted prejudices.

On January 22, this woman discovered that a burning cross had been placed right outside her apartment.  A burning cross is a symbol from our racist past, a bigoted and cruel past that, as a nation, we have worked for decades to move beyond.  And yet, someone in our area chose to resurrect those old attitudes, reminding us that we still have work to do.

Speaking with people throughout the community, the most common response to this incident has been, ” I thought we had gotten past this sort of thing.”  And yes, in some respects, we have.  Laws and policies have been enacted to level the playing field for all races, creeds and genders, and colors.  Laws and policies have also been enacted to impose harsh penalties when groups within our culture are specifically targeted out of hatred.  Our school systems, churches and other organizations have worked hard to educate people concerning racist policies and attitudes; as well as to promote, at both the personal and the professional level, an attitude of acceptance and a goal of fair and equal treatment for all people.

This is all good, But it is clearly not enough, as the recent cross-burning incident makes clear.  We can change the laws to protect people, we can impose stiff penalties when those laws are broken, and we can educate and encourage people to treat others fairly.  But unless people’s hearts are changed, we will never eradicate the root causes of these acts and the attitudes that lie behind them.

Unless we stop laughing at racial jokes and slurs, people will assume it is still okay to say such things.  Unless we stop turning a blind eye to unequal treatment of people based on prejudice, such inequalities will continue.  And unless we teach our young people – and remind ourselves – about the atrocities once committed back in the days of legalized discrimination, we will never get past incidents such as this one.

Shame on whoever committed this despicable act in Elizabethville.  And shame on anyone who secretly condones such acts, or condones the attitudes that inspire such acts.

Rev. Raymond W. Holland III, Salem United Church of Christ, Elizabethville; St. Paul’s United Church of Christ, Sacramento.

Rev. Thomas Bruner Jr., St. John Evangelical Lutheran Church, Berrysburg.

Rev. James Lewis, Trinity United Methodist Church, Elizabethville.

Rev. Nathan C. Minnich, Salem Lutheran Church, Elizabethville.

Rev. Jeffrey Wagner, St. Peter’s United Church of Christ, Lykens Township; Peace United Church of Christ, Berrysburg.

The on-line, abbreviated edition of this letter can be found on the PennLive web site.  The letter was also printed in the 3 March 2015 edition of the Upper Dauphin Sentinel (Millersburg), with the following added editor’s note:  “The Sentinel received the following letter prior to the announcement that charges had been filed against two minors in connection with the incident referenced in the letter.  Due to space restrictions, the letter had not been published earlier.”  For some unknown reason, the words “hate crime” do not appear in the Sentinel version of the letter.  “Hate crime” is inserted in brackets (above) at the place where the words were changed to “cross-burning incident.”

Category: Reflections | Comments Off on Why Was There a Cross-Burning in Elizabethville?
Tags: Berrysburg, Elizabethville, Hate, Lykens Township, Millersburg, Sacramento, Valley View, Wiconisco

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on April 16, 2015

The 145th Pennsylvania Infantry Monument at Gettysburg is located south of the town of Gettysburg on Brooke Avenue in the Rose Woods.  It was dedicated in 1889 by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.

The picture of the monument (above) is from Stephen Recker’s Virtual Gettysburg Web Site which has more information about the monument and the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry.

A full description of the monument, its GPS Coordinates, additional photographs, and some of the history of the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, can be found on the Stone Sentinels Web Site.

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About the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, the Philadelphia Inquirer of 11 September 1889 stated:

In the Whirlpool of the Battle.

The 145th Regiment started from Erie to the front 11 September 1862, almost without arms and with scarcely any knowledge of military duty at a time when there was an urgent need for troops and the Union Army was dispirited.  Its first fight was at Antietam, only twelve days after the organization at Erie.

The officers were:  Colonel, Hiram L. Brown; Lieutenant Colonel, David B. McCreary; Majors John W. Patton, John W. Reynolds, Charles M. Lynch; Adjutants, James C. Hart, James D. Black.

On 11 September the dedication of the monument in the Wheat Field, or “Whirlpool of the Battle,” will take place.  The order of exercises will be:  Prayer, by Rev. J. Boyd Espy; presentation of monument to president of association, by John C. Hilton; acceptance and presentation to Board of Commissioners, by General D. B. McCreary; address, by Thomas Osborn Jr.; and benediction, by Rev. W. H. McMasters.

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Colonel Hiram Loomis Brown was the commander of the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry at Gettysburg.

Brown, a resident of Erie County, Pennsylvania, first enrolled in the 83rd Pennsylvania Infantry as Captain of Company I on 27 August 1861, but resigned that post to accept the position of Colonel of the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, which began its service on 5 September 1862.  While the Captain of the 83rd, he was wounded at Gaines Mill and Fredericksburg.  When he was wounded at Gettysburg, Captain John W. Reynolds took over as commander of the 145th.  After returning to the 145th, Colonel Brown was captured at Spottsylvania in May 1864, was breveted Brigadier General on 3 September 1864, and then resigned as result of a Special Order, 1 February 1865.

Hiram L. Brown died on 25 November 1880 and is buried in Erie Cemetery, Erie, Erie County, Pennsylvania.  Additional information about him can be found at his Findagrave Memorial.

John W. Reynolds, born 3 July 1836, began service in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company A, as Captain, on 26 August 1862.  As Captain, he took over regimental command for Hiram L. Brown who was wounded at Gettysburg.  But John W. Reynolds was also wounded in the battle.  On 20 August 1863, he was promoted to headquarters as Major of the regiment.

While serving as Captain of Company A, Reynolds completed a final account of the belongings of Henry W. Alvord who died of typhoid fever on 30 January 1863.  That report was found in the widow’s pension file and can be seen at Fold3.

On 15 April 1905, John W. Reynolds applied for his own pension benefits, which he received and collected until his death which occurred on 25 October 1925.  He is buried in Erie Cemetery, Erie.  Some additional information about him can be found at his Findagrave Memorial.

Captain Moses W. Oliver of Company B, took over for Captain Reynolds when he was wounded.  Captain Oliver joined the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry on 26 August 1862 and was honorably discharged with his company on 24 November 1863.  He was born 8 June 1833 in New York and died on 4 February 1906 in Pennsylvania.  He is buried at Spring Cemetery, Springboro, Crawford County, Pennsylvania.  See his Findagrave Memorial for more information.

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Around the base of the Pennsylvania Memorial at Gettysburg are a series of plaques which, by regiment and company, note the names of every soldier who was present at the Battle of Gettysburg.  The plaque for the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry is pictured below.  By clicking on the plaque it should enlarge so the names can be more clearly read.  If a name does not appear, it could be that the soldier did serve in the 145th Pennsylvania Infantry, but was not part of the regiment during its days at Gettysburg.  There could also be errors on the plaque.

Category: Memorials | Comments Off on Monuments at Gettysburg – 145th Pennsylvania Infantry
Tags: Monument

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on April 15, 2015

The following e-mail was received last week from Barry Stocker, a resident of Klingerstown, Schuylkill County, and a historian of the Repasz Band of Williamsport, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania:

We have returned home after playing a historical and emotional concert at Appomattox Courthouse.

Ed Bearss was there and was presented a Küntsler painting.

James Robertson was the Keynote Speaker.

We played Ashokan Farewell as one of the numbers and after the concert, Robertson came to the podium and told the Band that it was the best that he has ever heard it played.

This made Al, Jeff and I and, and hopefully the rest of the band, feel really good.

Barry Stocker

For further information about the Repasz Band and the performance at Appomattox, see:

Williamsport’s Repasz Ban to Play at Appomattox as it Did at War’s End in 1865.  An article by John Beauge, of PennLive, the on-line resource of the Patriot-News (Harrisburg).

Ashokan Farewell , from a 2008 performance of the Repasz Band:

 

Barry Stocker is a historian of Civil War-era military music and musicians who lives in Klingerstown, Schuylkill County, and is a member and a historian of the Repasz Band.  He has previously collaborated with me on research on Civil War veterans from the Lykens Valley area and has developed his own database of military musicians from all of Pennsylvania.  He was the chief contributor to the blog post, The Repasz Band, which was published here on 7 June 2011.

Category: Events | Comments Off on Repasz Band Plays at Appomattox Anniversary
Tags: Klingerstown

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on April 14, 2015

 

Today marks the 150th Anniversary of one of the great tragedies in American history – the Assassination of Abraham Lincoln.  This post summarizes the conclusions of nearly twenty years of personal research on one of the so-called artifacts of that assassination – a 36-star American flag said to be placed under Lincoln’s head in the State Box at Ford’s Theatre, and as a result, was supposedly stained with Lincoln’s blood.   That flag is on permanent display at the Pike County Historical Society in Milford, Pennsylvania, but is occasionally loaned to museums and historical societies – including its present loan to President Lincoln’s Cottage at the Soldiers’ Home, Washington, D.C., for the assassination anniversary.

Since 1996, the Pike County Historical Society has not wavered from its insistence that the flag was authenticated by a group of Lincoln scholars, historians, and scientists, led by Joseph Garrera, although since 2012, the names of some of those “scholars” and their “testimony” have been removed from the Society web site.

“The Lincoln Flag Hoax“, first published here on 21 December 2012, was the conclusion to a long series of articles on the Lincoln assassination that appeared on this blog throughout 2012.   The series took the reader through a chronology of events that supposedly took place at Ford’s Theatre and after the Lincoln assassination and included characters Laura Keene, Jeannie Gourlay, William Withers Jr., and William J. Ferguson.- all of whom were present on-stage at the theatre on 14 April 1865.  In the “Best of 2012″, the series was summarized in the post entitled, “Pennsylvania Connections to the Lincoln Assassination.”  All of the posts in the series have seen unusually high “visits” and discussion since they were published.

The origin of the story told by descendants of Jeannie Gourlay, that her father, Thomas Gourlay, led Laura Keene to the State Box, can be attributed to writer-film producer Norman Harsell in 1914.  But it was not until the 1950s, when a 36-star flag was presented to the Pike County Historical Society by Jeannie Gourlay‘s son, Vivian Struthers, that the story was first told that this flag was used to cover Lincoln as he was carried across the street to the Petersen House.  In more recent years, the story morphed into a folded-flag-pillow that was used to cushion Lincoln’s bleeding head in the State Box – and then taken by Thomas Gourlay and secretly kept in the Gourlay-Struthers family until it was donated to the Pike County Historical Society in the 1950s.

It is highly unlikely that Laura Keene ever traversed the difficult path from the stage at Ford’s Theatre to the State Box.  The series of posts on Laura Keene telling of her actions the night of the assassination, the absence of contemporary eye witnesses accounts, and the difficulties in getting out of Washington and traveling to her next engagement in Cincinnati are explored in that series which includes her arrest in Harrisburg and the absurdity of taking a blood-stained dress with her on that journey.

This post presents an alternative origin of the flag – and summarizes how the Pike County Historical Society and so-called historians manipulated information about the assassination and falsified information about the flag in order to “authenticate” that this flag was present at Ford’s Theatre the night of the assassination and is stained with Lincoln’s blood.

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Only one conclusion can be drawn from the analysis of the story of the Lincoln Flag of the Pike County Historical Society:  the flag is a hoax.  In today’s post, after summarizing the major events in the development of the Lincoln Flag story, a revelation will be made, that if true, will make moot all the deliberations, assumptions, suppositions and conclusions stated by the Pike County Historical Society as to the flag’s authenticity.  That revelation will be presented publicly for the first time here – that this flag was purchased from an antique dealer in Chester County, Pennsylvania, by a member of the Gourlay-Struthers family in the early 1920s.  An analysis of the credibility of the story told by the person who came forward with the information will be included in this blog post.

In prior posts on this blog, it was shown Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers, who was a member of the cast of Our American Cousin the night of 14 April 1865 at Ford’s Theatre when Lincoln was assassinated, refrained from publicly speaking about events that took place at the theatre until after her husband, Robert Struthers, died in 1907.  In 1910, Jeannie visited Ford’s Theatre for the first time since the assassination, and in 1914, she was the subject of a story written by author-film-producer Norman Harsell.  That story gave roles to Jeannie’s father, Thomas C. Gourlay and two of Jeannie’s brothers, and in addition, placed Jeannie in the path of John Wilkes Booth as he fled through the backstage area of the theatre to his waiting horse which was outside the backstage door.  Harsell claimed that Jeannie’s father then led Laura Keene, the star of the performance, to the State Box by a back passage where she cradled the dying president in her lap, after which, the elder Gourlay then helped carry Lincoln across the street to the Petersen House where he died.  The Harsell version was very likely invented as the basis of a silent film which was to be released on the 50th anniversary of the assassination in 1915, but for whatever reason, the film was never made.  [Note:  see Jeannie Gourlay and Norman Harsell – The Film That Never Was].

In the Harsell version, nothing was mentioned about an American flag.  In the years between the publication of the 1914 story – in all the published reports of and about Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers until her death in 1928 – and the years between 1928 and 1954 when very little (if anything) was publicly stated about the role of the Gourlay family at the assassination, no references have been found which mention a flag.

In 1954, Vivian Paul Struthers, the son of Jeannie Gourlay, appeared at a meeting of the Pike County Historical Society to donate a 36-star flag, which he claimed was used by his grandfather, Thomas C. Gourlay, to cover Lincoln as he was carried across the street to the Petersen House from the theatre.  The only written documentation provided by Vivian Struthers to indicate that the flag was “authentic” was a letter from the local high school principal which claimed that the 36-star flag was the official flag in April 1865 [Note: He was incorrect, in that the 36-star flag was not supposed to be “official” until 4 July 1865; however, purists will argue that after Lincoln’s death, the 36-star flag was used and accepted as “official” during the period of mourning].

In the ensuing years since 1954, various curators and amateur historians at the Pike County Historical Society struggled with the story of this so-called Lincoln Flag that had supposedly covered Lincoln, and by the 1980s, a new version had evolved – one which was based on the brownish-red stains on the flag that were believed to be blood.  Since Lincoln had only one wound, and that was in the back of his head, the only way the stains could be his blood, would be if the flag had been folded and placed under his head as a pillow or cushion – rather than placed on top of him as a cover.  Thus, the story presented by Vivian Struthers at the time of the flag donation was changed.  Further confusing the issue was a blood test that had been performed at a local hospital – which concluded that stains from two places on the flag gave positive reactions for blood (though human blood was not mentioned in the laboratory report). To the present, the Pike County Historical Society, insists that the hospital test specifically stated that the blood was tested as human – not true!

In 1982, Edward Steers Jr., who at the time was President of the Lincoln Group of the District of Columbia (a “chapter” of the “Lincoln Fraternity”), arrived at the Pike County Historical Society and convinced the curator, George Perry, to give him several pieces of the flag so that he could perform his own tests.  Later, in two letters to the Society, Steers indicated that the red dye used on the flag was “cochineal” (derived from crushing the bodies of cochineal beetles), that this natural dye was common to the period of the Civil War (synthetic dyes were used later), and that all this “new-found” information would be the subject of an article on the flag and the assassination.  That article, written by Steers, contained numerous errors, including the misreporting of the test that Steers himself had performed (without indicating that he was the one who had performed the test), and the indication that he [Steers] had seen a report at the Society that the stains on the flag were human blood.  As a scientist, Steers knew, or should have known, that what he was reporting was not accurate.  He also should have known that cochineal and blood are often confused in that they produce similar test results.  Steers has never explained whether he was testing for blood or for the red dye on the flag, what parts of the flag his samples were taken from, how many samples he was given, and whether all the samples were used in the testing.  [See:  “The Flag That Cradled the Dying President’s Head“].

Steers article in the The Lincolnian, despite the significant number of errors and misrepresentations, became the basis of the report of another member of the “Lincoln Fraternity,” Joseph Garrera, a New Jersey insurance agent and Lincoln memorabilia collector, who arrived at the Society in 1995. With no academic credentials and only the promise to conduct a “scholarly” study to determine the authenticity of the flag and consult with “experts” and “scholars” who he claimed to know personally, Garrera was given access to the Society artifacts and files.  That study, which was concluded in 1996, declared the flag to be “authentic”.  Garrera first presented his findings to fifteen Lincoln “scholars,” including Frank J. Williams, Edward Steers Jr., Richard Sloan, Wayne Temple, Michael Maione, and Harold Holzer, all of whom concurred that Garrera had “authenticated” the flag and praised him for his “scholarly” endeavor.

Above:  Michael Maione, Frank J. Williams, unidentified guest, and Joseph Garrera at the 1996 Annual Meeting of the Pike County Historical Society.

Trumpeting the “authentication” report, the Pike County Historical Society invited Garrera, the news media and the fifteen Lincoln “scholars” to its Annual Meeting in 1996, which was held in the ballroom of the Best Western Hotel in Westfall Township, Pike County.  Also attending the meeting were Civil War re-enactors, Lincoln impersonators, Lincoln memorabilia collectors and about 250 members of the public.   Speakers at the Annual Meeting included Richard Sloan, who gave a prelude-presentation on Jeannie Gourlay and William Withers Jr.; Frank J. Williams, who told jokes about Lincoln and stories of how school children have perceived Lincoln; Michael Maione, who spoke of “following the money” in analyzing Booth’s pre-assassination activities; and Joseph Garrera himself who was billed as the featured speaker.  During the course of the evening, music from the film Gettysburg blared over the loudspeakers (to get the audience in the mood) and a large display of Lincoln memorabilia from Garrera’s collection was on hand for attendees to view and admire.  The spectacle was professionally recorded by the Society – and the conclusions of Garrera were reported internationally by CNN, the BBC, and the New York Times.

The first major challenge to the 1996 authentication report came in early 2000 when a newly hired, professional director at the Society began to question some of the assumptions that Garrera had made as well as some of the misrepresentations that he [the director] was expected to present to the public about the flag.  After obtaining a copy of Garrera’s 1996 report (no copy was available at the Society), a complete analysis was done on what Garrera had presented and a scathing criticism was written and disseminated in a news conference that took place in April 2000 – at which it was stated, that under the authority to interpret artifacts which was given to him [the director] by his contract, the Lincoln Flag would hereafter be interpreted as a legend.  Garrera’s 1996 report was therefore considered as bogus.

Some of the members of the trustees of the Society said that the director’s criticisms of the 1996 report needed to have an “in house” examination while others moved to mobilize members of the “Lincoln Fraternity” to support the Garrera report.  In the end, the latter group won out and the director was suspended, pending a hearing on whether he had violated his contract by challenging the flag report and refusing to accede to the wishes of the individual trustees who insisted they had the right to force him to interpret the flag as “authentic.”  The issue of “museum ethics” was introduced by the director, who stated that it was unethical for a museum to lie about its artifacts.

The hearing, which took place in June 2000, was held in closed session despite the wishes of the director to have the press and public admitted.  The trustees called upon the local police force to prevent any unauthorized persons from entering.  After the so-called hearing, the Pocono Record reported that the director was “bashed” by those trustees who were present, that he was not permitted to speak to defend himself, and that the trustees had pre-determined that they were going to fire him, although the actual firing took place at a later meeting.

The regional news media was very sympathetic to the director (Times Herald Record of Middletown, New York and the Pocono Record, of Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania) while the local media (Pike County Dispatch and Pike County Courier) was sympathetic to the museum trustees.

Then, the “Lincoln Fraternity” came out in full force.  An article appearing in the News Eagle (Hawley, Pennsylvania), 17 June 2000, “Historical Society Defends Lincoln Flag,” quoted Harold Holzer, Vice President of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, as defending Garrera’s 1996 authentication report by stating:

The historical importance of the Lincoln Flag cannot be overstated.  It should not be treated as a piece of folklore, but as a relic of America’s most tragic night.

That article also cited Frank J. Williams, a Justice of the Rhode Island Superior Court, and Chairman of the Lincoln Forum, and Michael Maione, Historian of Ford’s Theatre, as fully supporting the authentication.

Another article, which appeared in the Pike County Dispatch, 22 June 2000, said that five Lincoln scholars strongly supported Garerra and his insistence that the flag was authentic.  Garrera claimed to have received recent letters from each of them re-affirming their support.  Those five scholars were then identified as Richard Sloan, who was said to be “the nation’s leading expert on Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers;” Wayne Temple, Chief Director of the Illinois State Archives; Dr. Edward Steers Jr., author of four books on the Lincoln assassination, and “one of the nation’s leading experts on the assassination;” Harold Holzer; and Justice Frank J. Williams.

The Pocono Record reported the final settlement in an article which appeared on 11 January 2001, “Museum Flap Settled in Pike.”  The director had been fired because he dared to question the Lincoln “scholars” and the conclusion of the trustees was that the flag was “authentic” to the assassination, that the flag contained blood stains from Lincoln’s wound, and that the authentication report was sound and accurate.

In the intervening days between the first article that appeared in April 2000 that questioned Garrera’s authentication report of 1996 and the director’s final settlement of January 2001, the news was primarily a regional story, with occasional reporting outside the Pocono-Catskill mountain region where the Society is located. But at least one of the reports made its way to another part of Pennsylvania – and that report caught the attention of an antique dealer in Chester County, Pennsylvania.

In September 2000, in a phone conversation with the owner of Sadsbury House Antiques in Sadsburyville, Chester County, Pennsylvania, the true origin of the Lincoln Flag was revealed.   John Robinson, a retired Commander of the U.S. Navy, and owner-operator of Sadsbury House Antiques, said that he was closing down the family business in Sadsburyville, when he heard about the controversy regarding the Lincoln Flag, and he didn’t believe that the director should be fired for challenging the erroneous assumption that this flag had been placed under Lincoln’s head at the assassination.  Robinson claimed that his great aunt, Meda Randall, who had founded the antique business in 1920, had sold the “large American flag with 36-stars” to “a woman from Pennsylvania” in the early 1920s.  He indicated that he had attempted to make contact earlier, but could not get a message through to authorities at the Pike County Historical Society.  He [Robinson] came forward because harm had come to an individual’s career because he [the director] had challenged the false information that was being presented by the Society – information that Robinson and members of his family (and business) knew to be false.  He did not want to be considered an accessory to this conduct and wished to set the record straight, and testify, if need be on behalf of the director. [Note:  Several attempts were made to get this information to officials at the Society, but they were unwilling to accept anything from anyone other than Lincoln “scholars” who they said were strongly supporting the authentication and the 1996 report.  After the settlement with the director in January 2001, the issue was considered “closed” by written agreement of both parties].

The analysis of the information provided by John Robinson has taken several years and has been facilitated by information subsequently published on the web about the Lincoln Highway, Meda Randall‘s dealings with Henry duPont and Henry Ford, Ancestry.com records and family trees.  Nearly everything stated by John Robinson in the September 2000 phone conversation has now been validated by evidence – both circumstantial and actual.  Unfortunately, because John Robinson was closing down the family business which had existed since 1920, he had discarded many of the early records – including the file on the Lincoln Flag – and thus had to rely on his memory, which in the case of the flag was relatively recent in that the files had only been discarded within the year (just before 2000) – before the firing of the director was publicized.  Had he known earlier, he said would have kept those records.

The story of Meda Randall as an antique dealer and how it intersects with Jeannie Gourlay can now be told with the supportive documentation.

Meda Mary Williams, the great aunt of John Robinson, was born in 1876 in Atglen, Chester County, Pennsylvania.  Early-on, she and members of her family were involved in the junk business in and around Atglen.  Meda married Capt. Albert W. Randall, an officer in the U.S. army who first served in the Spanish-American War, and then in World War I as part of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) under Gen. John Pershing.

Commander John Robinson explained that at the end of World War I, Capt. Albert W. Randall was assigned to the “Hoover Commission” where he served in Europe assisting in the relief efforts for the displaced civilian population.  The “Hoover Commission,” named for Herbert Hoover who later became president, was sometimes called the “Hoover Food Administration” and operated out of London and Paris in the months after the war.  It consisted of about 350 American officers asked to stay behind by Gen. Pershing to manage the supply and distribution system that provided food and other forms of relief to civilians.  In checking the information provided by Commander Robinson, several contemporary news articles were found that supported the fact that these officers were kept in France after the main part of the AEF returned home.

In addition, the passport application of Meda [Williams] Randall was located through Ancestry.com, in which she and several officials of the U.S. government supported her application to go to Europe to join her husband.  The passport application of Meda [Williams] Randall contains many papers relating to the workings of the Hoover Food Administration and Capt. Albert W. Randall‘s work with it in Paris, France, and London, England as part of the residual group of officers of the American Expeditionary Force that were left behind to manage relief efforts for the European population.

The portions of the passport application containing Meda’s personal data and her reasons for traveling to Europe (“Hoover Food Administration”) are shown above.  Below, is a portion of the ship list from the Lafayette:

The Randall’s returned to the United States in December 1919 on board the Lafayette, sailing from LeHavre, France, on 6 December and arriving on 18 December in New York City.  Capt. Randall then received his discharge from the army with special thanks from the government for his humanitarian service as part of the Hoover Food Administration.

In the discussion with John Robinson, two possible scenarios emerged as to the origins of the large 36-star flag that was eventually sold to “a woman from Pennsylvania.”  In the first scenario, Capt. Randall was presented with a gift from the government – a large, 36-star American flag that had been on public display in Washington, D.C. during the mourning period for Lincoln – a “Lincoln Flag” that, appropriately could be a centerpiece in the antique shop that his wife would establish early that year on the Lincoln Highway in Sadsburyville, Chester County, Pennsylvania.  The second scenario had Meda [Williams] Randall purchasing the flag from Custis family descendants, while she was in the process of acquiring antiques for two of her major customers, Henry Ford of Dearborn, Michigan, and Henry DuPont, of Pennsylvania and Delaware.  Because John Robinson was not yet born when his great aunt and great uncle established the antique business in 1920 in Chester County, he had to rely on family stories and receipts and correspondence left by his aunt at the business (the Lincoln Flag file) in order to reconstruct the story of the origin of the flag.  Meda Randall did not die until 1978, more than ten years after John Robinson began working in the antique business with her.  Commander Robinson strongly believed that the flag that was on display at the Pike County Historical Society was the same flag that his great aunt had sold to Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers and/or her daughter Jean [Struthers] Newell.  Again, his reason for not reporting all this sooner was that up until April 2000, no apparent harm had come to anyone by the false misrepresentation of the flag as being present at the Lincoln assassination – but once harm had come to someone for challenging that story – the harm being the actual firing of the director –  he [Robinson] felt duty-bound to report that the flag story told by the Pike County Historical Society was a hoax and that its true “origin’ was through his family’s antique business and that the flag was never present at the Lincoln assassination.

John Robinson said that he believed the flag was authentic to the period after the Civil War in that it was one that was supposedly used during the Lincoln mourning period which occurred for a time after the assassination. The 36-star flag, being “official” for a two-year period from 4 July 1865 to 4 July 1867 when Nebraska was admitted as the 37th state, could have been flown over a public building or have been displayed on the face of a large building during this time.  Again, from his knowledge of the flag’s origin, he [Robinson] was positive that this flag had nothing to do with Ford’s Theatre or the Lincoln Assassination.

In addition to naming her major clients, John Robinson also indicated that his great aunt was the first woman to be the sole proprietor of an antique dealership in Pennsylvania.  A story about Meda [Williams] Randall was said to appear in a Lancaster County newspaper, telling of her antique business, her major clients, and her knowledge and sources of authentic American antiques.

The picture of the business sign (above) is cropped from one of the pictures in a book by Brian Butko, who is considered to be the historian of the Lincoln Highway.  The picture was accompanied by the following text:

Meda Randall opened the Sadsbury House in 1920.  Her niece Mary Stock joined the business in 1945, and when she retired in 1977, she turned it over to nephew John Robinson.  He’s actually been part of the business since 1968, after years in the Navy and as a computer research executive.  Look for the sign of the lion for a mix of antiques and “stuff.”

Henry Francis duPont (1880-1969), according to John Robinson, was one of Meda Randall‘s major customers.  Winterthur was the name of his estate, which is located in northern Delaware, in relative close proximity to Philadelphia and Chester County, Pennsylvania, where Meda Randall had her antique dealership.  The entry in Wikipedia for Henry Francis duPont states the following:

Initially a collector of European art and decorative arts in the late 1920s, H. F. du Pont became interested in American art and antiques. Subsequently, he became a highly prominent collector of American decorative arts, building on the Winterthur estate to house his collection, conservation laboratories, and administrative offices.

The museum has 175 period-room displays and approximately 85,000 objects. Most rooms are open to the public on small, guided tours. The collection spans more than two centuries of American decorative arts, notably from 1640 to 1860, and contains some of the most important pieces of American furniture and fine art. The Winterthur Library includes more than 87,000 volumes and approximately 500,000 manuscripts and images, mostly related to American history, decorative arts, and architecture. The facility also houses extensive conservation, research, and education facilities.

Articles which Meda [Williams] Randall procured for duPont which are now housed at Winterthur include:  antiques, furniture, beds, tables, woodwork, cellarettes, lighting fixtures, ironwork, andirons, chairs, glassware, settees, hangings, flowers, dogwood tress, garniture, hardware, brass, engravings, spreads, antiques, furniture, tinware, etui, boxes, hardware, glassware, textile fabrics, trim, spreads, rugs, ironwork, eagles, frames, banners, tableware, silverwork, books, Sheffield plate, pewter, clothing, cupboards, books, wallpaper, pewter, boxes,  marble, wallpaper, bookcases, hangings, flowers, brass, engravings, and spreads.  The correspondence and receipts related to these acquisitions and sales are kept at Winterthur Library in 66 archival boxes and have become part of the provenance and authentication of each of the items. The finding aid for these items is available at Antique Dealer Papers on the Winterthur Library website. The name “Meda M. Randall” appears many times in the finding aid.  It is possible that somewhere in the archival boxes, a 36-star flag is described in one of the letters Meda Randall sent to duPont.

The Atglen, Chester County, railroad station (shown above) is no longer standing. It was located on the Main Line of the Pennsylvania Railroad and Amtrak Keystone trains pass by this spot daily on their way from Philadelphia to Harrisburg.  It was from this station that Meda Randall probably did her shipping.  Atglen is only a few miles from the Lincoln Highway (U.S. Route 30) where Sadsbury House Antiques was located.  The Randall’s lived on Green Street in Atglen, which intersects the railroad tracks in Atglen, and they appear with occupation as dealer/collector in the 1930 U. S. Census.

A 19 September 1936, Christian Science Monitor article, “Antique Collectors of Nation Display Treasures at Detroit.”  Meda Randall is featured as a prominent, well-known dealer.

Henry Ford (1843-1867) was also a customer of Meda Randall.  The Henry Ford Museum is located in Dearborn, Michigan, and contains thousands of historical antiques, including the actual chair Abraham Lincoln was sitting on when he was assassinated at Ford’s Theatre.

Henry Ford began his search for objects of Americana in the early 1920s, at the same time that Meda Randall established her business in Pennsylvania.  When Henry Ford attempted to purchase the entire contents of the Oldroyd Lincoln Museum at the Petersen House in Washington, D.C., in 1923, Jeannie Gourlay supposedly wrote a letter to President Warren G. Harding indicating that she believed that the government should purchase the museum contents, not a private collector.  No doubt, at this time, Meda Randall had already connected with Henry Ford and was working to fill his collecting needs and was aware of Ford’s attempts to purchase the Oldroyd Collection.

In 1942, in response to the difficulties presented by gas rationing, Meda Randall began shipping her purchases to customers as stated in an 8 August 1942, Saturday Evening Post article, “Roadside Business: Casualty of War.”  It was difficult for many customers to get to her shop, so she operated a “mail order” business, sending items for “approval” in the hopes of getting purchases.

In the early 1920s, Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers came to know Meda Randall.  While it is not certain how they first met, it could have been through Jeannie’s son-in-law, Charles W. Newell.  Media, Delaware County, Pennsylvania, was the home of Charles W. Newell, husband to Jeannie’s daughter, Jean [Struthers] Newell.  Charles W. Newell was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and a civil engineer.  Following graduation, he went to work for the Pennsylvania Railroad and in 1920, was Superintendent of the Main Line of that railroad – which included the Atglen Station and facilities in Chester County.  For Jean [Struthers] Newell and her mother Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers, it would have been an easy rail trip to Atglen and then to Sadsburyville to the antique business of Meda Randall.  Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers was interested in mementos of the Lincoln assassination – a playbill with her name on it, a picture of John Wilkes Booth, and any other items that Meda Randall could provide.  On one of the trips to Sadsbury House, Meda Randall sold her the Lincoln Flag.

Thus, in the early 1920s, the Lincoln Flag came into the Gourlay-Struthers family.  On a return trip to Milford, Pike County, Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers or her daughter Jean [Struthers] Newell took the flag with her and placed it in a chest or trunk in her house – and then it was forgotten.  Jeannie’s health began to decline, she spent her remaining days with daughters Mabel [Struthers] Humbert in Montclair, New Jersey and Jean [Struthers] Newell in Media, Pennsylvania – except for a time that she spent in the Forrest Home for Actors in Philadelphia.  But she was only there for a while.  Jeannie’s death occurred in 1928 at the Newell home in Media – not very far from the place that she had purchased the Lincoln Flag.

Jeannie [Gourlay] Struthers has not yet been located in a 1920 census, although many people assume that she was living in Milford, Pike County.  Jeannie’s son, Vivian Paul Struthers was living in Bloomfield, Essex County, New Jersey in 1920, and working in shipbuilding.  In 1930, after the death of his mother, Vivian was living in rented quarters in Matamoras, Pike County, Pennsylvania, and according to the census, was employed in “odd jobs.”  The 1932 Pike County Directory is the earliest time in which he appears to be living in the Water Street house where Jeannie lived.  How much contact he had with his mother during the 1920s is unknown.  And, it is not clear who was living in the Water Street house in the 1920s, although the house remained in the family for many years after Jeannie’s death.

Vivian Paul Struthers presented the Lincoln Flag to the Pike County Historical Society in 1954, either with no knowledge that his mother had purchased it from Meda Randall or, if he had such knowledge, falsified the story that it had been used to cover Lincoln as he was moved across the street from Ford’s Theatre.  Surely though, Vivian’s sister, Jean [Struthers] Newell knew the truth, and was probably with her mother when the flag was purchased.  This could be the reason for Jean [Struthers] Newell‘s coy and evasive responses when she was interviewed at the Society in the 1970s – carefully parsing her words to avoid an outright lie – and leaving hanging what she knew about the flag, thus allowing the Society to interpret it as it saw fit, without interference from her.

The story told by John Robinson has no apparent flaws.  It is certainly much more sound that anything presented by the Pike County Historical Society in relation to the Lincoln Flag.  The question then comes down to this:  who is to be believed?  who is more credible?  John Robinson, a retired naval commander, had no reason to present any false or enhanced information and at the time, had every reason to come forward with the truth.  Very little in the Pike County Historical Society version of the Lincoln Flag fits the available facts – from the architecture of Ford’s Theatre to the chain of custody of the flag – all seem to be created to fit the Norman Harsell story, which clearly didn’t happen that way at all.

If any blame is to be given for creating the Lincoln Flag hoax, it has to be first given to the Pike County Historical Society who didn’t take the necessary steps to properly document the original donation, who over the years distorted and inaccurately reported the actual evidence, who allowed amateurs who claimed to be experts to take part in the flag’s so-called authentication, and then when faced with a challenge to what was clearly a fabricated story, chose to fire the director who brought the errors into the light.

Will shame now be cast on a group self-appointed Lincoln “scholars” who will do anything to protect their own “Lincoln fraternity” brothers – including supporting the firing of a museum director who challenged them?

It remains to be seen how this all settles out – whether the Pike County Historical Society will re-visit – in a professional manner – the entire Lincoln Flag history – or whether they will choose to ignore completely this now-public, alternate origin of the flag.

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The portraits of Meda [Williams] Randall and Albert Waldo Randall are from their passport files which are available on Ancestry.com.

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A Personal Note:  I conducted the phone interview in September 2000 with John Robinson by calling him at his business after he finally got a message through to the director, Charles Clausen.  Notes from the phone interview formed the basis of the follow-up research, some of which is presented here in this post.  Prior to September 2000, I was the treasurer of the Pike County Historical Society, and as such had access to all the records pertaining to the Lincoln Flag.  I concurred with the report presented in April 2000 by Clausen, which challenged the 1996 report by Garrera that supposedly authenticated the flag.  I announced my resignation as the treasurer on the day that the director was suspended by the trustees and thus was no longer an official of the Society when I interviewed John Robinson.  My attempts to contact the Society were done through one of the officers who I thought would bring the information to the attention of the Society’s attorney who had refused to speak with me since I was no longer a member of the Board of Trustees of the Society.  I am not aware that the attorney was ever told of the information that I had received from John Robinson.  Both the attorney and the officer I spoke to are now deceased.  The last attempt I made to speak with the officer was at the dedication of the elevator-lift that made the first floor of the museum handicap accessible.  In 2004, I moved from Pike County to Philadelphia, where I have resided since.  My interest in the Lincoln Flag was re-kindled after Edward Steers Jr. published his Lincoln Assassination Encyclopedia, which provided what I am convinced was false information about Jeannie Gourlay, Thomas C. Gourlay, Laura Keene, and the Lincoln Flag, and later by Steers’ criticism of Bill O’Reilly‘s book, Killing Lincoln.

 

 

 

 

Category: Reflections, Research | 1 Comment »
Tags: Abraham Lincoln, Lincoln Assassination

Posted By Norman Gasbarro on April 13, 2015

Daniel Ginter was born 24 June 1840 and died on 10 December 1919.  During the Civil War he served with the 194th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company C, as a Private, from 18 July 1864 through 6 November 1864.  On 16 February 1895, he applied for a pension, which he received and collected until his death.  Ne was never married.  He is buried at Bald Eagle Cemetery, Bellwood, Blair County, Pennsylvania.

His obituary appeared in the Harrisburg Telegraph on 12 December 1919:

CIVIL WAR VETERAN DIES AT TYRONE IN 73RD YEAR

Tyrone, Pennsylvania, 12 December 1919 — Daniel Ginter, veteran of the Civil War, died here on Wednesday, aged 73 years.  He was a resident of Tyrone and vicinity all his life.  When a young man he served in Company C, 194th Regiment, Infantry, in the Civil War, and was an active member of Colonel D. M. Jones Post 172, G.A.R.  He was never married and survived by two sisters, Mrs. Priscilla Jacobs of Morrisdale, and Mrs. Amanda Koon of Tyrone.  Funeral services were held this afternoon in Columbia Avenue Methodist Church, conducted by the Rev. J. E. Beard.  The body was taken to Bald Eagle, where it was buried with the Grand Army services.

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Henry M. Elliott was born 27 August 1846 and died on 31 January 1919.  During the Civil War he first served with the 21st Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company I, from 1 August 1863 through 20 February 1864, and then served with the 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry, Company K, as a Private, from 24 February 1864 through 13 August 1864.  His occupation at the time of the Civil War was laborer and he enrolled at Chambersburg.  He is buried at the Cedar Grove Cemetery at Chambersburg.

His obituary appeared in the Harrisburg Telegraph on 1 February 1919:

CIVIL WAR VETERAN DEAD

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 1 February 1919 — Henry M. Elliott, a veteran of the Civil War and a well-known resident of this place, died at his home here yesterday.  He was aged 73 years.  During the Civil War he was a member of the 11th Pennsylvania Cavalry.

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John L. Wise was born 16 March 1844 and died 15 January 1919.  During the Civil War he served with the 2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Company D.  He was from Chambersburg and is buried at the Coble Cemetery.  His name is sometimes found in the records as John S. Wise.

His obituary appeared in the Harrisburg Telegraph on 16 January 1919:

CIVIL WAR VETERAN DEAD

Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, 16 January 1919 — John L. Wise, a veteran of the Civil War and a member of Colonel P. B. Housum Post No. 309, G.A.R., died at the home of his son following several strokes of paralysis.  He was 75 years old.

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Charles “Charlie” McCarrol was born in April 1846 and died 11 January 1919.  During the Civil War he saw extensive service in several regiments including the 1st U.S. Infantry, Company E; the 43rd U.S. Infantry, Company E; the 2nd Pennsylvania Heavy Artillery, Company K; the 2nd Pennsylvania Provisional Heavy Artillery, Company F; the 127th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company D; and the 37th Pennsylvania Infantry (Emergency Militia).  He is buried at the Harrisburg Cemetery.  His surname is also found in the records as “McCarroll.”

The funeral of Charles McCarroll was described in the Harrisburg Telegraph of 16 January 1919:

VETERANS PALLBEARERS

New Cumberland, Pennsylvania, 16 January, 1919 — B. F. Eisenberger Post G.A.R. had charge of the funeral of Charles McCarrol yesterday.  Six Post commanders, all over 70 years, with their ages totaling 471 years, were the pallbearers.

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Charles B. Swartz was born 23 February 1836 and died 9 January 1919.  During the Civil War he enrolled at Lancaster in the 79th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company H, as a Private and served from 6 September 1862 through his discharge on 26 June 1865.  However, he was captured at Chickamauga and held as a prisoner from 20 September 1863 through 24 February 1865, and on release, he returned to his regiment.  He is buried at Greenwood Cemetery, Lancaster.

The obituary of Charles B. Swartz appeared in the Harrisburg Telegraph on 11 January 1919:

CIVIL WAR VETERAN DIES

Marietta, Pennsylvania, 11 January 1919 — Charles B. Swartz, 82 years old, of Lower Lancaster County, died last night from infirmities of old age.  He was a veteran of the Civil War being attached to the 79th Regiment.

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The text of the obituaries is transcribed from Chronicling America, the on-line newspaper resource of the Library of Congress.

 

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