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Civil War Blog

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James Ferguson – An Army Surgeon’s Story to Save His Life

Posted By on October 10, 2016

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On 29 January 1863, according to the U.S. Register of Deaths of Volunteers, James Ferguson, a Sergeant of the 142nd Pennsylvania Infantry, Company D, died at the Stanton General Hospital, Washington, D.C., of “vulnus sclopet,” an abbreviation of the Latin term, vulnus sclopeticum, for “gunshot wound.”  The treating surgeon who verified the death was John A. Lidell.

James Ferguson, had enrolled in the 142nd Pennsylvania Infantry on 11 August 1862 at Stroudsburg, Monroe County, Pennsylvania.  The military records as well as the roster of volunteers show that he was wounded at Fredericksburg, Virginia, on 13 December 1862.

In 1867, John A. Lidell compiled his memoirs from the records of the Stanton General Hospital of which he was in charge.  In addition to his own personal recollections, he used postmortem records, observations of friends, and material provided by the United States Sanitary Commission to produce a compilation of clinical reports relating to specific cases treated at Stanton General Hospital, many of which had not been previously published in the medical history of the war.  Lidell’s memoirs were not published until 1870.

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Harold Elk Straubling included a few selected cases from the memoirs of Lidell in his book, In Hospital and Camp:  The Civil War Through the Eyes of Its Doctors and Nurses (Harrisburg: Stackpole Press, 1993).

Some of the medical record of James Ferguson is presented here.  The gruesome details have been eliminated by ellipsis but are presented by Straubling on pages 86-88 of the aforementioned book.

Case LXIV.  Gunshot Wound of Right Leg (Calf) in Upper Third; Secondary Hemorrhage on Forty-First Day; Litigation of Femoral Artery.

Sergeant James Ferguson, Company G, 142nd Pennsylvania Volunteers, a young man of good constitution, was admitted to Stanton U. S. Army General Hospital, 29 December 1862, sixteen days after the First Battle of Fredericksburg, on account of a gunshot wound of the right leg, received in that battle, 13 December….

The wound did well until the middle of January, when the granulations assumed an unhealthy appearance and the discharge became thin and serous.  He also exhibited typhoid symptoms, having a hot skin, a frequent pulse, a dry, red tongue, watchfulness and no appetite….

On the afternoon of… Sunday, 25 January 1863, forty-three days after he had been wounded the patient was manifestly pyaemic, and we scarcely hoped for his recovery on that account….

Monday morning, 26 January- Patient appeared brighter… leg getting warm, down to the ankle…. Six P.M., foot cold; blackness extending across the leg in track of wound; tongue dry, has had a slight chill, and he is somewhat delirious….

Tuesday, 27 January – Morning.  Patient looks better than last evening… leg warmer and blacker; foot pale and swelled… and discoloration extends up the thigh.

Wednesday, 28 January – Patient presents a pale, yellow hue; blackness of limb deepening and extending; has reached the lower end of the incision… odor gangrenous.

Thursday, 29 January – Patient sinking; and he died in the evening….

The autopsy showed that the bleeding came, not from the posterior tibial… but from the popliteal artery, which had been opened to large extent by ulceration.  It was also found that the ball had grazed the hind part of both the tibia and fibula in its track, and there were some loose splinters, small in size, in relation with the tibia and fibula.

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The Pennsylvania Veterans’ Burial Card, shown above from Ancestry.com, gives incorrect information about the regiment in which James Ferguson served, but has other information helpful in determining more about him.  He was born on 17 September 1841 and his death date as well as place and cause of death is correctly stated.  According to the card, he is buried in Delaware Cemetery at Dingman’s Ferry, Pike County, Pennsylvania. However, at this time, there is no Findagrave Memorial for him, although there is another person of that name who is buried in that cemetery.

What is known for certain is that there were no immediate survivors who applied for pension benefits.

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However, on 11 February 1888, the father of James Ferguson applied for survivor benefits, which the record card (shown above from Fold3) indicated that he was not awarded. From the Ancestry.com version of the card (not shown), the father’s name was Edward A. Ferguson and the application was made from New York State.

Little else is known about James Ferguson, his background, and his experiences in the Civil War.  But the medical records of the war, as well as the memoirs of doctors who served, do provide a resource that heretofore has not been fully utilized in genealogical research, as this one example shows.

If any readers can provide stories on how medical records have helped them in their family history research or can suggest other resources related to the same, please add the information as comments to this post!

 

William A. Loomis – Mennonite Born in Halifax Who Served in Civil War

Posted By on October 7, 2016

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The above family card for Anthony Wayne Loomis (1806-1864) was found in the Mennonite Vital Records of Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, 1750-2014, available on Ancestry.com. It shows a child, William A. Loomis, born 27 December 1842, married Harriet Thomas, and died 4 September 1900.  The card states that Anthony Wayne Loomis lived in Halifax, Pennsylvania.

On 7 September 1900, the Altoona Tribune [Blair County, Pennsylvania] reported the death of William A. Loomis:

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Former Altoonan Pass[es] to [His] Reward

At 6 o’clock Tuesday evening William A. Loomis, a former resident of this city, died suddenly at his home in Harrisburg.  Deceased was born at Halifax, 27 December 1842.  He was a painter by trade and worked in this city from 1876 to 1889 when he moved to Harrisburg, where he has since resided.  Mr. Loomis was a veteran of the Civil War, having served in Company H, One Hundred and Ninety-Second Pennsylvania Volunteers [192nd Pennsylvania Infantry].

He is survived by his wife and these children:  M. M. Loomis, the storekeeper at Eleventh Avenue and Ninth Street; G. W. Loomis, of this city; Mrs. Ivy Killinger, of Fairview; and Miss Effie Loomis, at home.  The remains were brought to this city yesterday afternoon and conveyed to the home of his daughter, Mrs. Killinger, 621 Oak Avenue, from which the funeral will take place at 10 o’clock this morning.  Interment in Fairview Cemetery.

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In addition to the service reported in the obituary, William A. Loomis first served in the 28th Pennsylvania Infantry (Emergency of 1863), Company D, as a Private.  The card above from the Pennsylvania Archives gives his muster-in date as 1 July 1863, but the enrollment date was 17 June 1863 at Lewisburg.  This is a strange time gap for this emergency militia.  It could be that William took extra time to decide whether he would actually join the militia regiment because of his Mennonite faith.

According to James O. Lehman and Steven M. Nolt, in Mennonites, Amish, and the American Civil War:

During the American Civil War, the Mennonites and Amish faced moral dilemmas that tested the very core of their faith. How could they oppose both slavery and the war to end it? How could they remain outside the conflict without entering the American mainstream to secure legal conscientious objector status? In the North, living this ethical paradox marked them as ambivalent participants to the Union cause….

The record card does show that William A. Loomis was discharged at the end of the emergency on 28 July 1863.  It also should be noted that his father, Anthony Loomis, did not die until 4 August 1864, and if this military service was a point of religious conflict in the family, the elder Loomis was still alive during the emergency and may still have had some influence on his son.

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The military records for the 192nd Pennsylvania Infantry show that William A. Loomis was mustered into that regiment on 21 March 1865 as a Private in Company H (after the death of his father).  He served until he was honorably discharged with his company on 24 August 1865.  Additionally, in the database U.S. Civil War Soldier Records and Profiles, Loomis is reported as from Blair County – not Dauphin County.

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A further complication in seeking to determine the extent of his actual military service is found on the Pension Index Card, shown above from Fold3, in which the application records also indicate service in the 195th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company F, but he is not found in any of the usual military records for that regiment.  Furthermore, the militia service of 1863 was not given as part of the actual service record used in compiling time for pension benefits. In any event, the pension was granted and collected until his death, which as previously stated occurred in 1900.  This was then followed by a widow’s application, which was made on 23 October 1900 per the Ancestry.com version of the Pension Index Card (not shown here). Presumably, the widow, Harriet “Hattie” [Thomas] Loomis, collected benefits until her death.

Many of the questions surrounding the military service of William A. Loomis can most likely be resolved by obtaining his military records and his pension application records, which were not consulted for this blog post.  If any readers have information that can resolve how he reconciled his Mennonite beliefs with his military service – or whether he simply abandoned the faith – that would be greatly appreciated!  Please add comments to this post so others can benefit from a discussion.

The Loomis family did reside in Halifax during the mid-to-late nineteenth century and played an important part in the community.  Several brothers of William are buried in the Halifax United Methodist Church Cemetery, although none seem to have served in the Civil War.

Joel Kramer – Killed In Storm By Falling Barn Door

Posted By on October 6, 2016

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On 11 May 1897, The Times of Philadelphia reported the following tragic story:

LAY HELPLESS IN A STORM

A Mahantongo Farmer Falls from a Barn and Dies After Being Found by Passing Farmers.

Special Telegram to THE TIMES.

SHAMOKIN, 10 May 1897 —  News of an awful accident reached here today from Mahantongo Township.  Joel Kramer, of that place, was feeding his horses in his stable when a severe storm occurred,  The door of the loft was partially blown off and while trying to reset it on its hinges he fell to the ground, his head being badly cut, besides sustaining internal injuries.

He lay exposed to the storm until daylight, when farmers on their way to market found him.  He died shortly after.  He was unmarried and a veteran of the war.

On 10 May 1897, the Daily News of Mount Carmel, Northumberland County, reported on his funeral:

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Death from Storm.

Joel Kremer, aged 41 years, of Mahantongo Valley, a farm hand, was buried Saturday afternoon.  Thursday night he was aroused from his bed in the barn where he slept by the door blowing open.  It blew partly off and hung on one hinge.  He tried to fasten the door and in his effort slipped and fell to the ground, the door falling on him and bruising his body and injuring him internally.  He lay in this position, unconscious, for six hours, until found next morning by a farm hand.  He died a short time after.

Although the Daily News reported his age as 41, he was actually about 56.  If he were only 41, then he could not have served in the Civil War as stated in the article which appeared in The Times.

In 1850, Joel Kremer was enumerated in the household of his parents, Christian Kremer and Linda [Wehry] Kremer.  His father was a farmer and the family was living in Coal Township, Northumberland Co., Pennsylvania.

In 1860, Joel Kremer was living in the household of Benjamin Kremer, age 36, a blacksmith, in Hegins Township, Schuylkill County.  Possibly, Benjamin was an older brother and Joel was working there as a blacksmith.

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On 19 August 1861, Joel Kramer enrolled at Hegins in the 50th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company A, and was mustered into service at Harrisburg as a Private on 9 September 1861.  His age at the time was 22, he was 5 foot, four inches tall, had light hair, a florid complexion, and blue eyes.  He gave his occupation as blacksmith and his residence as Hegins.  At the expiration of his three-year enrollment, he re-enlisted on 1 January 1864 at Blaine’s Crossroads, Tennessee.  Regimental records show that he was mustered out on 30 July 1865, but in the 1890 Veterans’ Census he reported that he was discharged on a Surgeon’s Certificate of Disability and while he did not give his dates of service to the census, his discharge should have occurred some time after his re-enlistment date and the date the company was discharged.  The disability he reported was a “rupture” which was “received in battle.”  At this time, no other military records have been seen for review, however, his file, at the National Archives should give more detailed information as to his disability and the date of his discharge.  The Pennsylvania Veterans’ File Card (shown above), is from the Pennsylvania Archives.

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On 24 July 1890, Joel Kremer applied for an invalid pension based on his service in the 50th Pennsylvania Infantry, which he received and collected until his death.  The Pension Index Card, shown above from Fold3, shows no widow applied, which indicates that he was either unmarried (as stated in his report of death), or he was married and his wife died before him.

However, an 1880 Census for Cameron Township, Northumberland County, shows that Joel Kramer was working as a laborer and had in his household, Catherine Kramer, age 40, and five children:

  1. Franklin Cramer, age 15 (born about 1865)
  2. Ellen J. Kramer, age 17 (born about 1863)
  3. George Kramer, age 12 (born about 1868)
  4. Christ Kramer, age 8 (born about 1872)
  5. Johnny Kramer, age 2 (born about 1878). This appears to be the same person as John William Kramer who died 19 August 1951 in Klingerstown, Schuylkill County.

This Joel Kramer is the same person who was enumerated in the same place in 1890.

As for the wife, Catherine Kramer, her maiden name appears to be Nye (or Nie), which is the name found as the mother on the death certificate of John William Kramer in 1951.  However, to date, no other confirmation has been seen and a date of her death has not yet been located.

Additional information is sought on Joel Kramer (or Joel Kremer) who served in the 50th Pennsylvania Infantry, Company A.  Please send via e-mail or add comments to this blog post.


The newspaper articles are from Newspapers.com.

 

Sarah Klinger – Civil War Widow Bludgeoned to Death in 1906 (Part 4)

Posted By on October 5, 2016

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Part 4 of this murder story will be told in today’s blog post.  It includes the successful appeal of the first trial followed by the second trial and second conviction of Henry Fisher for first degree murder.

Sarah Ann [Reed] Klinger, a widow of a Civil War veteran and a pensioner, was brutally murdered in her home near Shamokin, Northumberland County, Pennsylvania, on 21 November 1906.  Through the stories printed in newspapers of the time, this horrendous murder story will be told.  In Part 1, the initial reports of the murder were presented as well as speculation on the motive and the arrest of Henry Fisher.  In Part 2, the initial courtroom appearance in February 1907 was followed by Fisher’s incarceration at the Danville Asylum so he could be evaluated for insanity.  In Part 3, the trial and conviction of Henry Fisher was told, with his sentencing to death by the Court.

Jacob Klinger was born on 3 April 1843 in Lower Mahantongo Township, Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania.  During the Civil War, he served in the 172nd Pennsylvania Infantry, Company D, as a Private, from 27 October 1862 through 1 August 1863.  Jacob Klinger died in early 1899. He had been collecting a pension, which, after his death, Sarah applied for and was receiving at the time of her murder.  The Pension Index Card (from Fold3) is shown at the top of this post.


From the Mount Carmel Item (Pennsylvania), 20 February 1908:

WILL APPEAL FISHER CASE

Attorneys Welch and Welch, who defended Henry Fisher, found guilty in the first degree of the murder of Mrs. Sarah Klinger, are doing everything within the power of the law to save their client from the death penalty.

On Tuesday a notice was filed at the office of Prothonotary I. T. C. Dissinger that the attorneys would make an appeal to the Supreme Court from the verdict in an effort to have that tribunal issue an order to the lower court granting Fisher a new trial.  Fisher’s attorneys contend in their appeal that certain evidence was omitted and that Judge Savidge erred in his instructions in his charge to the jury in summing up the evidence off the case.

According to the Act of Assembly, of 1907, the Court is given the power to appoint counsel to defend a person, charged with committing a murder where the defendant swears that he is unable to retain an attorney and that in defending him the county must pay all the actual expenses incurred in the case in giving the prisoner a fair trial.

The attorneys for Fisher, who were appointed by the Court to defend him, have the duty to perform and when they exhaust every means of the law in his behalf they have done their part well and faithfully.

It is not believed that the Supreme Court will order a new trial and that the Governor will fix a date and Fisher will pay the penalty for his crime on the scaffold.


From the Daily News (Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania), 23 March 1908:

FISHER CONFESSED TO HIS MURDER

Convicted Slayer of Aged Woman Says She Would Have Died Soon Anyway

An alleged confession of Harry Fisher, the convicted slayer of Mrs. Sarah Klinger, has just come to light.

An old man employed as an attendant at the Danville Insane Asylum, where Fisher was confined during his period of “monyeyitis,” is authority for the statement that the murderer told him that he killed the woman.

The attendant and Fisher became “chummy” at the asylum and during one of his spasms of frankness Fisher told the man that he was the real murderer.  He excused the horrible crime by saying that Mrs. Klinger was old and infirm and would have died soon.


From the Wilkes-Barre Times Leader (Pennsylvania), 16 April 1908:

HENRY FISHER, a convicted murderer who is confined to the Shamokin Jail, gets spells during which he acts more like a savage than a human being.  He tore the iron wash stand from its fastenings, ripped off the pipes and twisted iron bars with a strength that it seems impossible for such a small man to possess.


From the Mount Carmel Item (Pennsylvania), 26 May 1908:

A NEW TRIAL FOR FISHER

Henry Fisher, the murderer of aged Mrs. Sarah Klinger, who was convicted at the September term of court in 1907, was yesterday granted a new trial by the Supreme Court by a vote of 5 to 2.  For the first time in his Judicial career, Judge Savidge has been reversed.

Messrs. Welsh and Welsh and Morganroth, attorneys for Fisher, contended that a letter written by Fisher to his wife should not have been taken as evidence at the trial, as it was a privileged communication.

Judge Savidge ruled that as Fisher could not write, and that as other prisoners in the jail had written the letter for him, it was really public and no longer a privileged communication.  Fisher’s attorneys argued before the Supreme Court that when Fisher engaged his fellow prisoners to write the letter, (which was in reality a confession of the crime) they became his attorneys in fact.  The Supreme Court sustained this argument, and reversed Judge Savidge’s decision.


From the Mount Carmel Item (Pennsylvania), 18 Aug 1908:

NORTHUMBERLAND’S BLACK RECORD

The Sunbury correspondent of the Philadelphia North American in a special yesterday says:  The best citizens of the county are aroused over the inability of the courts to bring to justice the men and women who are responsible for the appalling list of crimes.  A number of the alleged murders have been allowed to go free, while others received only light jail sentences.  It is in the mining towns that the worst effect of miscarriages of justice is apparent.  There the state constabulary is at present endeavoring to stamp out several murderous Italian blackmailing societies.  Foreigners in this region have come to regard a trial by court with contempt, no matter how serious the charge against them, on one man, now convicted of murder, was heard to declare that hanging is ‘played out’ in this county.  The addition of Thompson to murderer’s row in the Northumberland County Jail makes four who are occupying cells there awaiting final action in killing cases.  Conrad Whyne‘s case will come up for trial at the September term.  He shot and killed his son in a drunken quarrel.  He bought his liquor on Sunday, and the court merely said that the saloon keeper must sell his place.  In the case of Henry Fisher, who murdered his boarding housekeeper and benefactress, Mrs. Sarah Klinger, a new trial has been obtained from the Superior Court.  He also will be retried at the September term.  Stanny Marcavich was convicted of murder in the first degree for slaying an old cobbler at Springfield, near Shamokin, for his money.  He was refused a retrial, and the time for execution was set for June 30th last, but the governor granted a respite. It is expected that his case will be settled finally some time this month.  All these cases have attracted wide attention.


From the Philadelphia Inquirer, 28 September 1908:

Three Murder Cases in Sunbury

Special to the Inquirer.

SUNBURY, 27 September — Northumberland County Criminal Court will open here tomorrow, two hundred and fifty-three cases to be disposed of.  Among them will be the murder trials of Conrad Whyne, Locust Gap, and Henry Fisher, Shamokin.  The former is alleged to have shot his son to death in a drunken quarrel.  Fisher was convicted at a previous trial on the charge of murdering Mrs. Sarah Klinger in Shamokin, but the Supreme Court granted him a new trial.


From the Philadelphia Inquirer, 1 October 1908:

New Trial for Fisher Begun

SUNBURY, 30 September — Henry Fisher was placed on trial today before Judge Savidge, charged with the murder of Mrs. Sarah Klinger in Shamokin. He was convicted of murdering her in a previous trial, but the Supreme Court ordered a new trial after his counsel argued that improper evidence had been introduced by the Commonwealth.


From the Pittston Gazette (Pennsylvania), 1 October 1908:

MURDER TRIAL AT SUNBURY

Sunbury, Pennsylvania, 1 October — The second trial of Henry Fisher for the murder of Mrs. Sarah Klinger at Shamokin over a year ago was opened in Court here last evening.

The case is one of the most sensational in the history of Northumberland County.  The aged victim was found dead in her home with her head battered in by a stove-lifter.  Fisher spread the alarm, saying that he had just discovered the body.  It was not until later, when strong circumstantial evidence was found connecting him with the murder, that he was arrested.

When he first came up for trial he feigned insanity with such success that he was sent to an asylum.  The officials there, after a few months, asked that he be returned to prison, as he was in a normal mental condition.

He was again tried, and was convicted and sentenced to be hanged.  The case was carried to the Supreme Court, which granted him a new trial, on the ground that certain letters that he had written his wife while in prison, in which he accused her of being as guilty as himself, should not have been admitted as evidence, because they were confidential communications between a husband and wife.

The present trial will be concluded before the end of the week.


From the Daily News (Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania), 2 October 1908:

Fisher Case Still On

The trial of Henry Fisher for the murder of Mrs. Sarah Klinger is still in progress at Sunbury.  Court was in session until midnight last night hearing this case.  This morning the Commonwealth rested and defense commenced.


From the Daily News (Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania), 3 October 1908:

Fisher Trial About Over

The matter of life and death for Henry Fisher, the slayer of Mrs. Sarah Klinger, was given to the jury today.


From the Philadelphia Inquirer, 4 October 1908:

Fisher Again Convicted of Murder

Special to the Inquirer.

SUNBURY, Pennsylvania, 3 October — Henry Fisher of Shamokin, was found guilty for the second time of murdering Miss [sic] Sarah Klinger in her home at Shamokin in the spring [sic] of 1906, for the alleged purpose of robbery. The Supreme Court ordered a new trial after the first conviction, because letters of a confidential nature between Fisher and wife were read in court.  Fisher, it is alleged, choked his victim while she was alone with him in the house, after which he is said to have crushed her scull with a stove lifter.  Counsel for Fisher at each trial pleaded he was insane.  Because several members of the jury are said to have willfully exposed themselves to influences of public opinion another trial may be necessary.


From the Mount Carmel Item (Pennsylvania), 5 October 1908:

FISHER AGAIN CONVICTED

Brutal Shamokin Murderer for the Second Time Gets First Degree Verdict

Henry Fisher, who murdered aged Mrs. Sarah Klinger of Shamokin, was again found guilty of murder in the first degree, by a jury at Sunbury Saturday afternoon.

Fisher, whose second trial was obtained through the Board of Pardons, went on trial Thursday.  The evidence was fully as strong as the first trial.

The jury retired at 2:00 o’clock Saturday afternoon and brought in a first degree verdict at 5:00 o’clock deliberating just three hours.  It is understood that Welsh and Welsh, Fisher’s attorneys, now intend to seek a third trial, alleging that some of the jurors had been out drinking at night after the case started.

It is now time for a committee of citizens to act, for fear Fisher might escape legal punishment.


Some news articles are from Newspapers.com.

September 2016 Posts

Posted By on October 4, 2016

A listing of the September 2016 posts on The Civil War Blog with direct links:

Who is Sgt. Philip Kline who is Named on the Lykens G.A.R. Monument?

Jacob Klinger and Sarah [Reed] Klinger – Death at the Almshouse and a Murder Story

The Civil War Poetry of Herman Melville

Baptisms at the Artz Church During the Civil War

Christian Lauer of Tremont – Died from Wounds at Cold Harbor, 1864

Sarah Klinger – Civil War Widow Bludgeoned to Death in 1906 (Part 1)

William Lesher – “This Man in War Four Years”

Pennsylvania Gubernatorial Election of 1866 – The Defeat of a White Supremacist

Josiah D. Lehman of Tremont – Died of Wounds Received at Spotsylvania, 1864

Cyrus Romberger – Was He Excused from Military Service For Health Reasons?

Sarah Klinger – Civil War Widow Bludgeoned to Death in 1906 (Part 2)

The Flowers of Emanuel Lehman

George A. Kreis – Cavalryman & Chief Burgess of Tremont

Reflection on the Victory of John W. Geary Over the White Supremacist Heister Clymer

Sarah Klinger – Civil War Widow Bludgeoned to Death in 1906 (Part 3)

Henry Lebo – Killed at Five Forks, Virginia, 1865

Dr. Christian Lenker – Elizabethville Native Served in Ohio Regiments

August 2016 Posts